{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T03:53:20Z","timestamp":1781582000752,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019652","name":"British University in Egypt","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reconstruction of the deficient maxillary ridge in three dimensions is crucial for the successful placement of implants. Prebent titanium meshes are an established modality for GBR, while patient-specific PEEK meshes have recently emerged with some possible advantages over the former. This study compared the effectiveness of two treatment protocols involving prebent titanium mesh and customized PEEK mesh, each combined with different graft compositions for bone augmentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      14 patients with 28 augmented sites in the maxillary ridges of primarily horizontal bone deficiencies, often associated with minor vertical components, were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097) was augmented with a prebent titanium mesh, while the study group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097) was augmented with a customized milled PEEK mesh. Both were grafted with a mixture of autogenous bone and xenograft. The primary outcome was horizontal bone gain. Secondary outcomes included vertical bone gain, gained bone volume, and graft resorption. These parameters were assessed by CBCT preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at 6 months before implant placement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this comparative three-dimensional volumetric CBCT analysis of predominantly horizontal ridge augmentation, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding horizontal or vertical bone gain (Titanium: 3.02\u2009\u00b1\u20090.68\u00a0mm vs. PEEK: 2.42\u2009\u00b1\u20090.38\u00a0mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.065, and Titanium: 1.12\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10\u00a0mm vs. PEEK: 1.09\u2009\u00b1\u20090.25\u00a0mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.738, respectively). Regarding secondary outcomes, the PEEK group, which received a graft composed of a higher percentage of autogenous bone (70:30 autograft: xenograft), showed a significantly higher amount of gained bone volume when compared to the titanium mesh group (who received a 60:40 graft mixture) (499.47\u2009\u00b1\u200980.46\u00a0mm\u00b3 vs. 370.82\u2009\u00b1\u200951.69\u00a0mm\u00b3;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004), as well as a higher graft loss volume (174.83\u2009\u00b1\u200940.78\u00a0mm\u00b3 vs. 127.73\u2009\u00b1\u200935.55\u00a0mm\u00b3;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.040). Clinical complications, including mesh exposure, were minimal and were successfully managed in both groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both prebent titanium mesh and custom-made PEEK mesh materials were associated with successful three-dimensional maxillary ridge augmentation within the limitations of this study. Although differences in volumetric outcomes were noted, it should be emphasized that such differences may have been influenced by differences in graft composition. Therefore, the current study represents a comparison of two treatment protocols incorporating different mesh materials and graft compositions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was prospectively registered at Clinical Trials.gov (NCT07040124) on June 25, 2025, before patient enrollment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08720-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T02:59:32Z","timestamp":1781578772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of two treatment protocols using prebent titanium mesh and customized PEEK mesh for predominantly horizontal maxillary ridge augmentation with volumetric evaluation: a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1630-1804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basma Abd Alkader","family":"Alshikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Hassan","family":"Eid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Elsholkamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"8720_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robaian A, Hamed MM, Ahmed Y, Hassanein FEA. 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Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2024;39(1):153\u201363.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08720-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08720-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08720-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T03:16:43Z","timestamp":1781579803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08720-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8720"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08720-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted following Guidelines and Norms Regulating Research Involving Human Subjects. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University research ethical committee, with approval number 393\/2021. All eligible patients provided written informed consent to participate in the current study. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1056"}}