{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T12:25:07Z","timestamp":1787660707570,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":82,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital project found","award":["KMUH113-3R62"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH113-3R62"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital project found","award":["KMUH113-3R62"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH113-3R62"]}]},{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology project fund","award":["113-2314-B-037-030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-2314-B-037-030"]}]},{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology project fund","award":["113-2314-B-037-030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-2314-B-037-030"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08752-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T02:33:44Z","timestamp":1780540424000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sella turcica dimensions and bridging in relation to vertical growth patterns: a CBCT study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Szu-Ting","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Hsuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Yu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chuan","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"8752_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq106","volume":"33","author":"R Leonardi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leonardi R, Farella M, Cobourne MT. An association between sella turcica bridging and dental transposition. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:461\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjq106.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"8752_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1159\/000453526","volume":"26","author":"Y Yasa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yasa Y, Bayrakdar IS, Ocak A, Duman SB, Dedeoglu N. Evaluation of sella turcica shape and dimensions in cleft subjects using cone-beam computed tomography. Med Princ Pract. 2017;26:280\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000453526.","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"8752_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0000000000003223","volume":"28","author":"Y Yasa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yasa Y, Ocak A, Bayrakdar IS, Duman SB, Gumussoy I. Morphometric analysis of sella turcica using cone beam computed tomography. J Craniofac Surg. 2017;28:e70\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/scs.0000000000003223.","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"8752_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjm049","volume":"29","author":"EA Alkofide","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alkofide EA. The shape and size of the sella turcica in skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III Saudi subjects. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:457\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjm049.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"8752_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0544.2003.00243.x","volume":"6","author":"RA Cederberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cederberg RA, Benson BW, Nunn M, English JD. Calcification of the interclinoid and petroclinoid ligaments of sella turcica: a radiographic study of the prevalence. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2003;6:227\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0544.2003.00243.x.","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"8752_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2022.06.002","volume":"18","author":"ST Chou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chou ST, Chen CM, Chen PH, Lin YC, Tseng YC. The left and right differences in sella turcica bridging between sex analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography. J Dent Sci. 2023;18:220\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jds.2022.06.002.","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"key":"8752_CR7","first-page":"571","volume":"10","author":"HP Sathyanarayana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sathyanarayana HP, Kailasam V, Chitharanjan AB. Sella turcica-Its importance in orthodontics and craniofacial morphology. Dent Res J. 2013;10:571. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3858728\/.","journal-title":"Dent Res J"},{"key":"8752_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2011.01346.x","volume":"218","author":"N Gkantidis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gkantidis N, Halazonetis DJ. Morphological integration between the cranial base and the face in children and adults. J Anat. 2011;218:426\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2011.01346.x.","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"8752_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2015.45.1.15","volume":"45","author":"P Pittayapat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pittayapat P, Jacobs R, Odri GA, de Faria Vasconcelos K, Willems G, Olszewski R. Reproducibility of the sella turcica landmark in three dimensions using a sella turcica-specific reference system. Imaging Sci Dent. 2015;45:15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5624\/isd.2015.45.1.15.","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dent"},{"key":"8752_CR10","first-page":"3","volume":"41","author":"Y Ya\u015fa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ya\u015fa Y, B\u00fcy\u00fck SK, Benkli YA, Arslan A, Topba\u015f\u0131 NM. The size and shape of the sella turcica in adolescent orthodontic patients with different vertical growth patterns. Clin Dent Res. 2017;41:3\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Dent Res"},{"key":"8752_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2014.12.014","volume":"83","author":"N Ota","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ota N, Tanikawa R, Miyazaki T, Miyata S, Oda J, Noda K, et al. Surgical microanatomy of the anterior clinoid process for paraclinoid aneurysm surgery and efficient modification of extradural anterior clinoidectomy. World Neurosurg. 2015;83:635\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2014.12.014.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"8752_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpfa.2015.05.002","volume":"29","author":"R Rohria","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rohria R, Jain S. Sellar dimension in skeletal class II subjects with different growth patterns. J Pierre Fauchard Acad (India Section). 2015;29:26\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpfa.2015.05.002.","journal-title":"J Pierre Fauchard Acad (India Section)"},{"key":"8752_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ortiz PM, Tabbaa S, Flores-Mir C, Al-Jewair T. A CBCT investigation of the association between sella-turcica bridging and maxillary palatal canine impaction. Biomed Res Int. 2018;4329050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/4329050.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4329050"},{"key":"8752_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90138-5","volume":"82","author":"FL Bookstein","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bookstein FL. On the cephalometrics of skeletal change. Am J Orthod. 1982;82:177\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90138-5.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"8752_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.16965\/ijar.2015.118","volume":"3","author":"A Sakran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sakran A, Khan MA, Altaf FMN, Faragalla HEH, Mustafa A, Hijazi M, et al. A Morphometric Study of the Sella Turcica; Gender Effect. Int J Anat Res. 2015;3:927\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2015.118.","journal-title":"Int J Anat Res"},{"key":"8752_CR16","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"H Luong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Luong H, Ahn J, Bollu P, Chenin D, Chaudry K, Pourhamidi J. Sella turcica variations in skeletal class I, class II and class III adult subjects: a CBCT study. J Dent Oral Biol. 2016;1:1\u20136. https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:12475523.","journal-title":"J Dent Oral Biol"},{"key":"8752_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-020-02481-z","volume":"42","author":"G Akay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akay G, Eren I, Karadag O, Gungor K. Three-dimensional assessment of the sella turcica: comparison between cleft lip and palate patients and skeletal malocclusion classes. Surg Radiol Anat. 2020;42:977\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-020-02481-z.","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"8752_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-019-02406-5","volume":"42","author":"BT Silveira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Silveira BT, Fernandes KS, Trivino TL, Dos Santos YF, de Freitas CF. Assessment of the relationship between size, shape and volume of the sella turcica in class II and III patients prior to orthognathic surgery. Surg Radiol Anat. 2020;42:577\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-019-02406-5.","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"8752_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chou ST, Chen CM, Chen PH, Chen YK, Chen SC, Tseng YC. (2021) Morphology of Sella Turcica and Bridging Prevalence Correlated with Sex and Craniofacial Skeletal Pattern in Eastern Asia Population: CBCT Study. BioMed Research International 2021: p. 6646406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6646406","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6646406"},{"key":"8752_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.21608\/edj.2020.35620.1172","volume":"66","author":"AY Abdallah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdallah AY. Correlation between vertical growth patterns of the jaws and sella turcica\u2019s linear dimensions using cone beam computed tomography in an Egyptian subpopulation. Egypt Dent J. 2020;66:2253\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/edj.2020.35620.1172.","journal-title":"Egypt Dent J"},{"key":"8752_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051890","volume":"12","author":"S Yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yan S, Huang S, Wu Z, Liu Y, Men Y, Nie X, et al. A CBCT Investigation of the sella turcica dimension and sella turcica bridging in different vertical growth patterns. J Clin Med. 2023;12:1890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12051890.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"8752_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4103\/1596-3519.55676","volume":"7","author":"A Zagga","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zagga A, Ahmed H, Trados A, Saidu S. Description of the normal variants of the anatomical shapes of the sella turcica using plain radiographs: experience from Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. Ann Afr Med. 2008;7:77\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1596-3519.55676.","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"key":"8752_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2019.0042","volume":"79","author":"O Isman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Isman O, Kayar S, Murat Aktan A. Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of variations in the sella turcica in a Turkish population. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2020;79:46\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/FM.a2019.0042.","journal-title":"Folia Morphol (Warsz)"},{"key":"8752_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.5958\/2394-4196.2016.00009.1","volume":"3","author":"SK Konwar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Konwar SK, Singhla A, Bayan R. Morphological (length, depth, and diameter) study of sella turcica in different mandibular growth patterns in Indians. IJDMS. 2016;3:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5958\/2394-4196.2016.00009.1.","journal-title":"IJDMS"},{"key":"8752_CR25","first-page":"55","volume":"1","author":"R Standerwick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Standerwick R. Analysis of average horizontal and vertical mandibular growth components relative to the horizontal plane as determined from cross-sectional cephalometric normal standards. J Dent App. 2014;1:55\u201360.","journal-title":"J Dent App"},{"issue":"2","key":"8752_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4103\/2321-3825.116287","volume":"1","author":"H Kamak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kamak H, \u00c7atalbas B, Senel B. Cranial base features between sagittal skeletal malocclusions in Anatolian Turkish adults: Is there a difference? J Orthod Res. 2013;1(2):52.","journal-title":"J Orthod Res"},{"key":"8752_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1148\/1.2.65","volume":"1","author":"JD Camp","year":"1923","unstructured":"Camp JD. The normal and pathologic anatomy of the sella turcica as revealed at necropsy. Radiology. 1923;1:65\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/1.2.65.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"8752_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/1971400917751036","volume":"31","author":"D Gibelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gibelli D, Cellina M, Gibelli S, Panzeri M, Oliva AG, Termine G, et al. Sella turcica bridging and ossified carotico-clinoid ligament: Correlation with sex and age. Neuroradiol J. 2018;31:299\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1971400917751036.","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"key":"8752_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjl032","volume":"28","author":"R Leonardi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leonardi R, Barbato E, Vichi M, Caltabiano M. A sella turcica bridge in subjects with dental anomalies. Eur J Orthod. 2006;28:580\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjl032.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"8752_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004918","volume":"30","author":"S Bayrak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bayrak S, Goller Bulut D, Kursun Cakmak ES, Orhan K. Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Intracranial Physiologic Calcifications. J Craniofac Surg. 2019;30:510\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004918.","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"8752_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.11.028","volume":"81","author":"R Pauwels","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pauwels R, Beinsberger J, Collaert B, Theodorakou C, Rogers J, Walker A, et al. Effective dose range for dental cone beam computed tomography scanners. Eur J Radiol. 2012;81:267\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.11.028.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"8752_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2485\/jhtb.25.313","volume":"25","author":"HA Hasan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hasan HA, Alam MK, Yusof A, Mizushima H, Kida A, Osuga N. Size and morphology of sella turcica in Malay populations: A 3D CT Study. J Hard Tissue Biol. 2016;25:313\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2485\/jhtb.25.313.","journal-title":"J Hard Tissue Biol"},{"key":"8752_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.2319\/122407-599.1","volume":"79","author":"AA Brown","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brown AA, Scarfe WC, Scheetz JP, Silveira AM, Farman AG. Linear accuracy of cone beam CT derived 3D images. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:150\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/122407-599.1.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"8752_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140165","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20140165","volume":"43","author":"A Kucia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kucia A, Jankowski T, Siewniak M, Janiszewska-Olszowska J, Grocholewicz K, Szych Z, et al. Sella turcica anomalies on lateral cephalometric radiographs of Polish children. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2014;43:20140165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/dmfr.20140165.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"8752_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.2399\/ana.16.047","volume":"11","author":"O Turamanlar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Turamanlar O, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk K, Horata E, Beker Acay M. Morphometric assessment of sella turcica using CT scan. Anatomy. 2017;11:6\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2399\/ana.16.047.","journal-title":"Anatomy"},{"key":"8752_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.01.015","volume":"137","author":"AD Molen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Molen AD. Considerations in the use of cone-beam computed tomography for buccal bone measurements. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2010;137:S130\u2013135.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08752-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08752-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08752-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T12:02:45Z","timestamp":1787659365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08752-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8752"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08752-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital (IRB No. KMUHIRB-E(II)-20210140). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board due to the retrospective nature of the study. All procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1572"}}