{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:27:48Z","timestamp":1787023668135,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":67,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022963","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023C03072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023C03072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08825-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T05:36:12Z","timestamp":1781242572000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The association of malocclusion severity and uncertainty stress with mouth-breathing behavior in adults: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yanqi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxu","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruyu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuepeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weifang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"8825_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(80)90042-0","volume":"21","author":"P Camner","year":"1980","unstructured":"Camner P, Bakke B. Nose or mouth breathing? Environ Res. 1980;21(2):394\u20138.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"8825_CR2","first-page":"659","volume":"62","author":"S Atar Bese","year":"2024","unstructured":"Atar Bese S, Ozdemir O, Tuncerler G, Erge D, Uysal P. Do not ignore mouth breathing syndrome: respiratory functions are affected in early childhood. Rhinology. 2024;62(6):659\u201368.","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"8825_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1590\/S0021-75572008000700010","volume":"84","author":"RR Abreu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abreu RR, Rocha RL, Lamounier JA, Guerra AF. Etiology, clinical manifestations and concurrent findings in mouth-breathing children. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2008;84(6):529\u201335.","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"8825_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S911","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_235_22","volume":"14","author":"WA Alhazmi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alhazmi WA. Mouth Breathing and Speech Disorders: A Multidisciplinary Evaluation Based on The Etiology. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2022;14(Suppl 1):S911\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"issue":"15","key":"8825_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1634","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000206830","volume":"100","author":"EK Plowman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Plowman EK, Gray LT, Chapin J, Anderson A, Vasilopoulos T, Gooch C, et al. Respiratory Strength Training in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Multicenter, Sham-Controlled Trial. Neurology. 2023;100(15):e1634\u201342.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8825_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wollman L, Fregosi R. When the tongue runs out of gas. Elife. 2023;12:e86447.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.86447"},{"issue":"3","key":"8825_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2021.tb00175.x","volume":"11","author":"L Tenorio-Lopes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tenorio-Lopes L, Kinkead R. Sex-specific effects of stress on respiratory control: plasticity, adaptation, and dysfunction. Compr Physiol. 2021;11(3):2097\u2013134.","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"8825_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01799-w","volume":"27","author":"J Jhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jhang J, Park S, Liu S, O\u2019Keefe DD, Han S. A top-down slow breathing circuit that alleviates negative affect in mice. Nat Neurosci. 2024;27(12):2455\u201365.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"8825_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494517","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1494517","volume":"12","author":"J Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang J, Fu Y, Wang L, Wu G. Adenoid facies: a long-term vicious cycle of mouth breathing, adenoid hypertrophy, and atypical craniofacial development. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1494517.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"8825_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20991","volume":"120","author":"D Harari","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harari D, Redlich M, Miri S, Hamud T, Gross M. The effect of mouth breathing versus nasal breathing on dentofacial and craniofacial development in orthodontic patients. Laryngoscope. 2010;120(10):2089\u201393.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"11","key":"8825_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2024.3319","volume":"150","author":"H Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang H, Huyett P, Wang TY, Sumner J, Azarbarzin A, Labarca GPT, et al. Mouth Closure and Airflow in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2024;150(11):1012\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"8825_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"036003","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/8\/3\/036003","volume":"8","author":"W Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen W, Mets\u00e4l\u00e4 M, Vaittinen O, Halonen L. The origin of mouth-exhaled ammonia. J Breath Res. 2014;8(3):036003.","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"8825_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e057","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0057","volume":"38","author":"M Soares","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soares M, Ramos-Jorge J, Lima LJS, Moreira LV, Fernandes IB, Ramos-Jorge ML, et al. Mouth breathing is associated with a higher prevalence of anterior dental caries in preschool children. Braz Oral Res. 2024;38:e057.","journal-title":"Braz Oral Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"8825_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12885","volume":"71","author":"Y Izuhara","year":"2016","unstructured":"Izuhara Y, Matsumoto H, Nagasaki T, Kanemitsu Y, Murase K, Ito I, et al. Mouth breathing, another risk factor for asthma: the Nagahama Study. Allergy. 2016;71(7):1031\u20136.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"8825_CR15","first-page":"18","volume":"58","author":"Y Jefferson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jefferson Y. Mouth breathing: adverse effects on facial growth, health, academics, and behavior. Gen Dent. 2010;58(1):18\u201325. quiz 6\u20137.","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"8825_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-018-0012-3","volume":"10","author":"J Zou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zou J, Meng M, Law CS, Rao Y, Zhou X. Common dental diseases in children and malocclusion. Int J Oral Sci. 2018;10(1):7.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"8825_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0954-6111(93)90026-V","volume":"87","author":"KA Ward","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ward KA, Nicholls DP, Stanford CF. The prevalence of preferential nasal breathing in adults. Respir Med. 1993;87(4):295\u20137.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"8825_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2319\/020115-80.1","volume":"86","author":"M Nagaiwa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nagaiwa M, Gunjigake K, Yamaguchi K. The effect of mouth breathing on chewing efficiency. Angle Orthod. 2016;86(2):227\u201334.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"8825_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-024-00299-8","volume":"16","author":"C Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou C, Duan P, He H, Song J, Hu M, Liu Y, et al. Expert consensus on pediatric orthodontic therapies of malocclusions in children. Int J Oral Sci. 2024;16(1):32.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"8825_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-016-0142-0","volume":"17","author":"L Pisani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pisani L, Bonaccorso L, Fastuca R, Spena R, Lombardo L, Caprioglio A. Systematic review for orthodontic and orthopedic treatments for anterior open bite in the mixed dentition. Prog Orthod. 2016;17(1):28.","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"8825_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjac003","volume":"44","author":"MTC Vidigal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vidigal MTC, Mesquita CM, de Oliveira MN, de Andrade Vieira W, Blumenberg C, Nascimento GG, et al. Impacts of using orthodontic appliances on the quality of life of children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2022;44(4):359\u201368.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"8825_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/26.3.265","volume":"26","author":"AM Hamdan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hamdan AM. The relationship between patient, parent and clinician perceived need and normative orthodontic treatment need. Eur J Orthod. 2004;26(3):265\u201371.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"8825_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-023-00508-w","volume":"25","author":"L Gavic","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gavic L, Budimir M, Tadin A. The association between self-esteem and aesthetic component of smile among adolescents. Prog Orthod. 2024;25(1):9.","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"8825_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2024.3508097","volume":"72","author":"J Han","year":"2025","unstructured":"Han J, Zhang J. A New Heartbeat-Respiration Coupling Metric for Relaxation\/Stress Monitoring. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2025;72(4):1410\u201321.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"8825_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-022-01925-4","volume":"11","author":"B Thielmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thielmann B, Hartung J, B\u00f6ckelmann I. Objective assessment of mental stress in individuals with different levels of effort reward imbalance or overcommitment using heart rate variability: a systematic review. Syst Rev. 2022;11(1):48.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"8825_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tajitsu Y, Shimda S, Nonomura T, Yanagimoto H, Nakamura S, Ueshima R, et al. Application of Braided Piezoelectric Poly-l-Lactic Acid Cord Sensor to Sleep Bruxism Detection System with Less Physical or Mental Stress. Micromachines (Basel). 2023;15(1):86.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi15010086"},{"issue":"7933","key":"8825_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-022-03394-0","volume":"610","author":"C Woolston","year":"2022","unstructured":"Woolston C. Stress and uncertainty drag down graduate students\u2019 satisfaction. Nature. 2022;610(7933):805\u20138.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8825_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2020.05.002","volume":"162","author":"A Bair","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bair A, Reyes Del Paso GA, Duschek S. Parasympathetic cardiac control and attentional focus in trait worry. Int J Psychophysiol. 2021;162:181\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"8825_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809484","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.809484","volume":"9","author":"Q Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang Q, Wu Z, Yang X, Jiang S, Wu D, Oliffe JL. Associations Between Uncertainty Stress, Life Stress and Internet Addiction Among Medical Students. Front Public Health. 2021;9:809484.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"8825_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105318805820","volume":"26","author":"D Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu D, Yang T, Rockett IR, Yu L, Peng S, Jiang S. Uncertainty stress, social capital, and suicidal ideation among Chinese medical students: Findings from a 22-university survey. J Health Psychol. 2021;26(2):214\u201325.","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"8825_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.030","volume":"202","author":"D Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu D, Rockett IR, Yang T, Feng X, Jiang S, Yu L. Deliberate self-harm among Chinese medical students: A population-based study. J Affect Disord. 2016;202:137\u201344.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"8825_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13223","volume":"48","author":"YM Costa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Costa YM, Bonjardim LR, Conti PCR, Svensson P. Psychophysical evaluation of somatosensory function in oro-facial pain: achievements and challenges. J Oral Rehabil. 2021;48(9):1066\u201376.","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"8825_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12965","volume":"48","author":"P Larsson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Larsson P, Bondemark L, H\u00e4ggman-Henrikson B. The impact of oro-facial appearance on oral health-related quality of life: A systematic review. J Oral Rehabil. 2021;48(3):271\u201381.","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"8825_CR34","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Oral health surveys: basic methods. 5th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013."},{"issue":"1","key":"8825_CR35","first-page":"140","volume":"41","author":"Y Kogue","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kogue Y, Igari K, Komatsu H, Mayanagi H. Actual status of mouth breathing in nursery school children. Japanese J Pediatr Dentistry. 2003;41(1):140\u20137.","journal-title":"Japanese J Pediatr Dentistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"8825_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3810","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54328-x","volume":"14","author":"Y Masutomi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Masutomi Y, Goto T, Ichikawa T. Mouth breathing reduces oral function in adolescence. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):3810.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"8825_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-017-0618-7","volume":"16","author":"T Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang T, Yang XY, Yu L, Cottrell RR, Jiang S. Individual and regional association between socioeconomic status and uncertainty stress, and life stress: a representative nationwide study of China. Int J Equity Health. 2017;16(1):118.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"8825_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S379180","volume":"15","author":"D Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu D, Yang T, Herold F, Hall DL, Mueller N, Yeung A, et al. Validation of the 4-Item and 10-Item Uncertainty Stress Scale in a Community-Based Sample of Chinese Adults. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2022;15:2803\u201313.","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"8825_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ejo.a035999","volume":"11","author":"PH Brook","year":"1989","unstructured":"Brook PH, Shaw WC. The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority. Eur J Orthod. 1989;11(3):309\u201320.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"8825_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2009.02.006","volume":"73","author":"BQ Souki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Souki BQ, Pimenta GB, Souki MQ, Franco LP, Becker HM, Pinto JA. Prevalence of malocclusion among mouth breathing children: do expectations meet reality? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;73(5):767\u201373.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8825_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01458-7","volume":"21","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Zheng L, Huang X, Li C, Liu J, Hu Y. Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):108.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"8825_CR42","unstructured":"Lione R, Buongiorno M, Lagan\u00e0 G, Cozza P, Franchi L. Early treatment of Class III malocclusion with RME and facial mask: evaluation of dentoalveolar effects on digital dental casts. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2015;16(2):116\u201322."},{"issue":"5","key":"8825_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-020-00257-z","volume":"82","author":"BC Telatar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Telatar BC, Gungor AY. Effectiveness of vibrational forces on orthodontic treatment: A randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Orofac Orthopedics\/Fortschritte der Kieferorthop\u00e4die. 2021;82(5):288\u201394.","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthopedics\/Fortschritte der Kieferorthop\u00e4die"},{"issue":"6","key":"8825_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(02)00091-0","volume":"34","author":"V Greco","year":"2003","unstructured":"Greco V, Roger D. Uncertainty, stress, and health. Pers Indiv Differ. 2003;34(6):1057\u201368.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"8825_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00243","volume":"11","author":"D Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu D, Yu L, Yang T, Cottrell R, Peng S, Guo W, et al. The Impacts of Uncertainty Stress on Mental Disorders of Chinese College Students: Evidence From a Nationwide Study. Front Psychol. 2020;11:243.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8825_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq014","volume":"32","author":"SA Badran","year":"2010","unstructured":"Badran SA. The effect of malocclusion and self-perceived aesthetics on the self-esteem of a sample of Jordanian adolescents. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32(6):638\u201344.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"8825_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.17796\/1053-4625-44.4.11","volume":"44","author":"MA Lipari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lipari MA, Pimentel G, Gamboa NA, Bayas I, Guerrero N, Miralles R. Electromyographic Comparison of Lips and Jaw Muscles between Children With Competent and Incompetent Lips: A Cross Sectional Study. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020;44(4):283\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"8825_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szyszka-Sommerfeld L, Syci\u0144ska-Dziarnowska M, Wo\u017aniak K, Machoy M, Wilczy\u0144ski S, Turkina A, et al. The Electrical Activity of the Orbicularis Oris Muscle in Children with Down Syndrome-A Preliminary Study. J Clin Med. 2021;10(23):5611.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10235611"},{"issue":"6","key":"8825_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.92.6.1037","volume":"92","author":"TS Chadha","year":"1987","unstructured":"Chadha TS, Birch S, Sackner MA. Oronasal distribution of ventilation during exercise in normal subjects and patients with asthma and rhinitis. Chest. 1987;92(6):1037\u201341.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"8825_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51758-5","volume":"14","author":"M Sikora","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sikora M, Miko\u0142ajczyk R, \u0141akomy O, Karpi\u0144ski J, \u017bebrowska A, Kostorz-Nosal S, et al. Influence of the breathing pattern on the pulmonary function of endurance-trained athletes. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):1113.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08825-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08825-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08825-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:09:09Z","timestamp":1787022549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08825-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8825"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08825-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with ethical standards and received approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (approval number: Research No. 101 of 2024). All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1487"}}