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This open sampling method, which uses repetitive blowing actions for saliva collection with increased safety risks, poses a matter of concern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By employing the non-blowing method, this study designed a closed-chamber medical device for saliva collection. Compared with repetitive collection in commercial devices (Class I medical devices), its sampling efficiency was assessed with quantitative saliva. After being stored in this device for six months, DNA was extracted and amplified integrating PCR with high-resolution melt (HRM) via a detection kit. Twelve-month saliva samples underwent a limit test under the minimum limit DNA template. The applications for concordance among paired blood\u2013saliva samples was further assessed in microarrays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Non-blowing saliva collection offered closed-chamber biosecurity and its collection efficiency was comparable to that of commercial devices (Z = -0.778,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.477). After six months of storage at room temperature, DNA extraction and quantification of saliva showed that DNA yield from the non-blowing saliva collection was also comparable to that of the commercial device (Z = -1.886,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.064). Six- and 12-month saliva samples stored in this non-blowing device solution at room temperature maintained a reliable DNA quantity and quality for HRM, comparable to those of commercial devices with repetitive blowing-type. In the limit test, PCR-HRM demonstrated that stable extracted-DNA was successfully genotyped, and the peaks-valleys also tended to be consistent between the two devices. For paired blood\u2013saliva samples, quality-control parameters in microarrays were within the feasible quality limits.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-blowing type saliva collection device has good application performance in both PCR-HRM and microarray. This study presents a new medical device designed to provide healthcare professionals with a biosecure and practical solution for saliva sample acquisition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08834-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T12:04:27Z","timestamp":1781179467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application properties and biosafety enhancement in saliva collection: optimization of a non-blowing medical device"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Dong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinrong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"8834_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10080-0","volume":"25","author":"K Kvapilova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kvapilova K, Misenko P, Radvanszky J, Brzon O, Budis J, Gazdarica J, et al. 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XAIULL-2021 007). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants (aged\u2009>\u200918 years) prior to sample collection.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for the publication was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The patent application for the new device (non-blowing type) was formally filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration in November 2021. As of the current status, the patent rights are held by Xi\u2019an International University, with Dong Zhao and Jinrong Zhao officially registered as the inventor of record. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1481"}}