{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:34:41Z","timestamp":1786725281839,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1A2C2006728"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A2C2006728"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08897-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T01:13:19Z","timestamp":1785719599000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced salivary correlation between Streptococcus mutans and herpes simplex virus-1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Tae-Lyn","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Geol","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Young","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heon-Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soyoung","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Geon","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2563-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"So-Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5569-3826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su-Hyung","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"8897_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-021-02137-1","volume":"41","author":"DN Frank","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frank DN, Qiu Y, Cao Y, Zhang S, Lu L, Kofonow JM, Robertson CE, Liu Y, Wang H, Levens CL, et al. A dysbiotic microbiome promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene. 2022;41(9):1269\u201380.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"8897_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sukmana BI, Saleh RO, Najim MA, AL-Ghamdi HS, Achmad H, Al-Hamdani MM, Taher AA, Alsalamy A, Khaledi M, Javadi K. Oral microbiota and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a review of their relation and carcinogenic mechanisms. Front Oncol. 2024;14:1319777.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1319777"},{"key":"8897_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505833","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2024.1505833","volume":"5","author":"RD Coletta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Coletta RD, Yeudall WA, Salo T. Current trends on prevalence, risk factors and prevention of oral cancer. Front Oral Health. 2024;5:1505833.","journal-title":"Front Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"8897_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-023-00249-w","volume":"15","author":"Y Tan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tan Y, Wang Z, Xu M, Li B, Huang Z, Qin S, Nice EC, Tang J, Huang C. Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions. Int J Oral Sci. 2023;15(1):44.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"8897_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.73310","volume":"13","author":"MS Tsai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsai MS, Chen YY, Chen WC, Chen MF. Streptococcus mutans promotes tumor progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer. 2022;13(12):3358\u201367.","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"8897_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01907-9","volume":"12","author":"J Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou J, Hu Z, Wang L, Hu Q, Chen Z, Lin T, Zhou R, Cai Y, Wu Z, Zhang Z, et al. Tumor-colonized Streptococcus mutans metabolically reprograms tumor microenvironment and promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma. Microbiome. 2024;12(1):193.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"2","key":"8897_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.16010","volume":"115","author":"L Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu L, Hong Y, Maishi N, Matsuda AY, Hida Y, Hasebe A, Kitagawa Y, Hida K. Oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans promotes tumor metastasis through thrombosis formation. Cancer Sci. 2024;115(2):648\u201359.","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"8897_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503657","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1503657","volume":"15","author":"Y Fang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fang Y, Chen X, Chu CH, Yu OY, He J, Li M. Roles of Streptococcus mutans in human health: beyond dental caries. Front Microbiol. 2024;15:1503657.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8897_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12491","volume":"40","author":"H Xiao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiao H, Li Y. From Teeth to Body: The Complex Role of Streptococcus mutans in Systemic Diseases. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2025;40(2):65\u201381.","journal-title":"Mol Oral Microbiol"},{"key":"8897_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim TL, Oh SY, Lee KY, Lee HJ, Kwon TG, Kim JW, Shin CG, Jang S, Hong SH, Choi SY. Streptococcus mutans-derived extracellular vesicles promote herpes simplex virus infection in oral epithelia. Virulence 2025;17(1):2602261.","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2025.2602261"},{"key":"8897_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346878","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1346878","volume":"15","author":"H Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen H, Jian Z, Xu T, Xu L, Deng L, Shao L, Zhang L, He L, Li Y, Zhu L. Advances in the mechanism of inflammasomes activation in herpes virus infection. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1346878.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"8897_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278327","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1278327","volume":"15","author":"M Yan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yan M, Xiao LY, Gosau M, Smeets R, Feng HC, Burg S, Fu LL, Friedrich RE. The role of herpes simplex virus infection in the etiology of head and neck cancer-a Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1278327.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8897_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.4081\/oncol.2020.476","volume":"14","author":"MZ Kakabadze","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kakabadze MZ, Paresishvili T, Karalashvili L, Chakhunashvili D, Kakabadze Z. Oral microbiota and oral cancer: Review. Oncol Rev. 2020;14(2):476.","journal-title":"Oncol Rev"},{"key":"8897_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253025","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1253025","volume":"14","author":"Z Lan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lan Z, Liu WJ, Cui H, Zou KL, Chen H, Zhao YY, Yu GT. The role of oral microbiota in cancer. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1253025.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8897_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-015-9913-z","volume":"21","author":"JV Fernandes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fernandes JV, Cobucci RN, Jatoba CA, Fernandes TA, de Azevedo JW, de Araujo JM. The role of the mediators of inflammation in cancer development. Pathol Oncol Res. 2015;21(3):527\u201334.","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"8897_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_399_23","volume":"28","author":"S Garg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garg S, Nasir S. Comparative evaluation of oral hygiene status by using oral hygiene index, simplified oral hygiene index, and modified oral hygiene index: Revalidation of modified oral hygiene index. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2024;28(4):461\u20137.","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8897_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2025.102138","volume":"25","author":"L Limo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Limo L, Ayala-Mendivil RE, Martins JG. Effectiveness of Assisted Toothbrushing on Preschoolers\u2019 Oral Hygiene: A Caregiver-Intervention Approach. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2025;25(3):102138.","journal-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"8897_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12407","volume":"52","author":"YL Cheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheng YL, Jordan L, Chen HS, Kang D, Oxford L, Plemons J, Parks H, Rees T. Chronic periodontitis can affect the levels of potential oral cancer salivary mRNA biomarkers. J Periodontal Res. 2017;52(3):428\u201337.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"8897_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oh SY, Kang SM, Kang SH, Lee HJ, Kwon TG, Kim JW, Lee ST, Choi SY, Hong SH. Potential Salivary mRNA Biomarkers for Early Detection of Oral Cancer. J Clin Med. 2020;9(1):243.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010243"},{"issue":"20","key":"8897_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11532","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01343-07","volume":"81","author":"E Avitabile","year":"2007","unstructured":"Avitabile E, Forghieri C, Campadelli-Fiume G. Complexes between herpes simplex virus glycoproteins gD, gB, and gH detected in cells by complementation of split enhanced green fluorescent protein. J Virol. 2007;81(20):11532\u20137.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"8897_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jambunathan N, Clark CM, Musarrat F, Chouljenko VN, Rudd J, Kousoulas KG. Two Sides to Every Story: Herpes Simplex Type-1 Viral Glycoproteins gB, gD, gH\/gL, gK, and Cellular Receptors Function as Key Players in Membrane Fusion. Viruses 2021;13(9):1849.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13091849"},{"key":"8897_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28934","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v7.28934","volume":"7","author":"NN Al-Hebshi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Hebshi NN, Nasher AT, Idris AM, Chen T. Robust species taxonomy assignment algorithm for 16S rRNA NGS reads: application to oral carcinoma samples. J Oral Microbiol. 2015;7:28934.","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8897_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11773","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11779-9","volume":"7","author":"H Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao H, Chu M, Huang Z, Yang X, Ran S, Hu B, Zhang C, Liang J. Variations in oral microbiota associated with oral cancer. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):11773.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"8897_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2025.101552","volume":"12","author":"Q Xiao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiao Q, Wang K, Gao X, Ji P, Song J. Deciphering the molecular landscape of oral squamous cell carcinoma: Novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Genes Dis. 2025;12(5):101552.","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"8897_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-025-04270-x","volume":"207","author":"A Salem","year":"2025","unstructured":"Salem A. Revealing the viral culprits: the hidden role of the oral virome in head and neck cancers. Arch Microbiol. 2025;207(4):73.","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"8897_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182152","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1182152","volume":"14","author":"T Koivikko","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koivikko T, Rodrigues PC, Vehvilainen M, Hyvonen P, Sundquist E, Arffman RK, Al-Samadi A, Valimaa H, Salo T, Risteli M. Detection of herpes simplex virus in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1182152.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"8897_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32762","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v8.32762","volume":"8","author":"M Perera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Perera M, Al-Hebshi NN, Speicher DJ, Perera I, Johnson NW. Emerging role of bacteria in oral carcinogenesis: a review with special reference to perio-pathogenic bacteria. J Oral Microbiol. 2016;8:32762.","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol"},{"key":"8897_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-144","volume":"12","author":"S Pushalkar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pushalkar S, Ji X, Li Y, Estilo C, Yegnanarayana R, Singh B, Li X, Saxena D. Comparison of oral microbiota in tumor and non-tumor tissues of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Microbiol. 2012;12:144.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"8897_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21773","volume":"9","author":"BF Oyeyemi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oyeyemi BF, Kaur US, Paramraj A, Chintamani, Tandon R, Kumar A, Bhavesh NS. Microbiome analysis of saliva from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and tobacco abusers with potential biomarkers for oral cancer screening. Heliyon. 2023;9(11):e21773.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"10","key":"8897_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.77","volume":"17","author":"C Corbet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Corbet C, Feron O. Tumour acidosis: from the passenger to the driver\u2019s seat. Nat Rev Cancer. 2017;17(10):577\u201393.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"8897_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-016-0495-5","volume":"13","author":"C Su","year":"2016","unstructured":"Su C, Zhan G, Zheng C. Evasion of host antiviral innate immunity by HSV-1, an update. Virol J. 2016;13:38.","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"8897_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-13317-z","volume":"24","author":"A Almangush","year":"2024","unstructured":"Almangush A, Alabi RO, Pirinen M, Makitie A, Leivo I. Accumulating evidence from meta-analyses of prognostic studies on oral cancer: towards biomarker-driven patient selection. BMC Cancer. 2024;24(1):1517.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"8897_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.22-0177","volume":"64","author":"M Nguyen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nguyen M, Dinis M, Lux R, Shi W, Tran NC. Correlation between Streptococcus mutans levels in dental plaque and saliva of children. J Oral Sci. 2022;64(4):290\u20133.","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08897-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08897-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08897-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T15:57:04Z","timestamp":1786723024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08897-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8897"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-08897-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Human saliva samples were used after obtaining written informed consent from all patients. The study was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of Kyungpook National University Hospital (approval No. KNUH2021100002), and conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1454"}}