{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:09:48Z","timestamp":1789016988490,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":76,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1403-3- 234-74454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1403-3- 234-74454"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-09022-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T01:06:18Z","timestamp":1782435978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethosomal nanocarrier encapsulating curcumin for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: efficacy analysis against mature Streptococcus mutans biofilm"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Partoazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sima","family":"Shahabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shima","family":"Afrasiabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"9022_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003616","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003616","volume":"9","author":"KH Metwalli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Metwalli KH, Khan SA, Krom BP, Jabra-Rizk MA. Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and the human mouth: a sticky situation. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(10):e1003616.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"9022_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-024-00529-1","volume":"10","author":"Y Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei Y, Dang G-p, Ren Z-y, Wan M-c, Wang C-y, Li H-b, Zhang T, Tay FR. L.-n. Niu, Recent advances in the pathogenesis and prevention strategies of dental calculus. npj Biofilms Microbiomes. 2024;10(1):56.","journal-title":"npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"issue":"12","key":"9022_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e022952","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022952","volume":"8","author":"F Schwendicke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schwendicke F, Leal S, Schlattmann P, Paris S, Ribeiro APD, Marques MG, Hilgert LA. Selective carious tissue removal using subjective criteria or polymer bur: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (SelecCT). BMJ open. 2018;8(12):e022952.","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"key":"9022_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127526","volume":"278","author":"Z Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao Z, Chen X, Wang C, Song J, Xu J, Liu X, Qian Y, Suo H. New strategies and mechanisms for targeting Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation to prevent dental caries: a review. Microbiol Res. 2024;278:127526.","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"9022_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.11.024","volume":"39","author":"S Stojicic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stojicic S, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Effect of the source of biofilm bacteria, level of biofilm maturation, and type of disinfecting agent on the susceptibility of biofilm bacteria to antibacterial agents. J Endod. 2013;39(4):473\u20137.","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"5","key":"9022_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2009.00662.x","volume":"117","author":"JP Lima","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lima JP, Sampaio de Melo MA, Borges FM, Teixeira AH, Steiner-Oliveira C, Nobre M, dos Santos LK, Rodrigues IC, Zanin. Evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic antimicrobial therapy in an in situ model of dentine caries. Eur J Oral Sci. 2009;117(5):568\u201374.","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"9022_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1159\/000341190","volume":"46","author":"AH Teixeira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teixeira AH, Pereira E, Rodrigues LKA, Saxena D, Duarte S, Zanin ICJ. Effect of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy on in vitro and in situ biofilms. Caries Res. 2012;46(6):549\u201354.","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"9022_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192955","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1192955","volume":"14","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Sun G, Xie J, Xiao S, Lin C. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against oral biofilm: influencing factors, mechanisms, and combined actions with other strategies. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1192955.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"9022_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R57","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/7\/R57","volume":"61","author":"BW Pogue","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pogue BW, Elliott JT, Kanick SC, Davis SC, Samkoe KS, Maytin EV, Pereira SP, Hasan T. Revisiting photodynamic therapy dosimetry: reductionist & surrogate approaches to facilitate clinical success. Phys Med Biol. 2016;61(7):R57\u201389.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"20","key":"9022_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7612","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207612","volume":"21","author":"AA Balhaddad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Balhaddad AA, AlQranei MS, Ibrahim MS, Weir MD, Martinho FC, Xu HH, Melo MAS. Light energy dose and photosensitizer concentration are determinants of effective photo-killing against caries-related biofilms. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(20):7612.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"9022_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0187418","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187418","volume":"12","author":"JK Trigo Gutierrez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trigo Gutierrez JK, Zanatta GC, Ortega ALM, Balastegui MIC, Sanita PV, Pavarina AC, et al. Encapsulation of curcumin in polymeric nanoparticles for antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(11):e0187418.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9022_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020995","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1020995","volume":"13","author":"L Gholami","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gholami L, Shahabi S, Jazaeri M, Hadilou M, Fekrazad R. Clinical applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry. Front Microbiol. 2023;13:1020995.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"9022_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2024.213820","volume":"159","author":"R Yan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yan R, Zhan M, Xu J, Peng Q. Functional nanomaterials as photosensitizers or delivery systems for antibacterial photodynamic therapy. Biomaterials Adv. 2024;159:213820.","journal-title":"Biomaterials Adv"},{"key":"9022_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192960","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1192960","volume":"11","author":"Z Yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yan Z, Wang D, Gao Y. Nanomaterials for the treatment of bacterial infection by photothermal\/photodynamic synergism. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023;11:1192960.","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9022_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.2174\/1574891X113089990011","volume":"8","author":"C-T Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen C-T, Chen C-P, Yang J-C, Tsai T. Liposome-encapsulated photosensitizers against bacteria. Recent Pat Anti-infect Drug Discov. 2013;8(2):100\u20137.","journal-title":"Recent Pat Anti-infect Drug Discov"},{"issue":"7","key":"9022_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-019-1407-y","volume":"20","author":"GMF Calixto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Calixto GMF, de Annunzio SR, Victorelli FD, Frade ML, Ferreira PS, Chorilli M, Fontana CR. Chitosan-based drug delivery systems for optimization of photodynamic therapy: a review. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20(7):253.","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"issue":"1","key":"9022_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2013.860130","volume":"11","author":"CC Mbah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mbah CC, Builders PF, Attama AA. Nanovesicular carriers as alternative drug delivery systems: ethosomes in focus. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2014;11(1):45\u201359.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"1","key":"9022_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23866","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72951-6","volume":"14","author":"Y Mehmood","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mehmood Y, Shahid H, Ahmed S, Khursheed A, Jamshaid T, Jamshaid M, Mengistie AA, Dawoud TM, Siddique F. Synthesis of vitamin D3 loaded ethosomes gel to cure chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease: Physical characterization, in vitro and ex vivo studies. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):23866.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"9022_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2013.06.052","volume":"454","author":"Y-Z Zhao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhao Y-Z, Lu C-T, Zhang Y, Xiao J, Zhao Y-P, Tian J-L, Xu Y-Y, Feng Z-G, Xu C-Y. Selection of high efficient transdermal lipid vesicle for curcumin skin delivery. Int J Pharm. 2013;454(1):302\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"9022_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.07.010","volume":"27","author":"DdCR Picco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Picco DdCR, Cavalcante LLR, Trevisan RLB, Souza-Gabriel AE, Borsatto MC, Corona SAM. Effect of curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther. 2019;27:455\u201361.","journal-title":"Photodiagn Photodyn Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"9022_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11010073","volume":"11","author":"D Qin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qin D, Cui Y, Zheng M, Yang Z, Wang X. Preparation of Ethosome Gel with Total Flavonoids from Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. for the Treatment of Vitiligo. Gels. 2025;11(1):73.","journal-title":"Gels"},{"issue":"12","key":"9022_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-114034","volume":"66","author":"A Partoazar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Partoazar A, Kianvash N, Darvishi M, Nasoohi S, Rezayat S, Bahador A. Ethosomal curcumin promoted wound healing and reduced bacterial flora in second degree burn in rat. Drug Res. 2016;66(12):660\u20135.","journal-title":"Drug Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"9022_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11552","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38812-4","volume":"13","author":"S Afrasiabi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Afrasiabi S, Partoazar A, Chiniforush N. In vitro study of nanoliposomes containing curcumin and doxycycline for enhanced antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):11552.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"9022_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s44259-024-00051-6","volume":"2","author":"N Kade\u0159\u00e1bkov\u00e1","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kade\u0159\u00e1bkov\u00e1 N, Mahmood AJ, Mavridou DA. Antibiotic susceptibility testing using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, npj. Antimicrobials Resist. 2024;2(1):37.","journal-title":"Antimicrobials Resist"},{"key":"9022_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2014.09.021","volume":"62","author":"S Dosler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dosler S, Karaaslan E. Inhibition and destruction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides. Peptides. 2014;62:32\u20137.","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"1","key":"9022_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A1381","DOI":"10.1002\/0471141755.ph13a08s50","volume":"50","author":"SM Kwasny","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kwasny SM, Opperman TJ. Static biofilm cultures of Gram-positive pathogens grown in a microtiter format used for anti\u2010biofilm drug discovery. Curr protocols Pharmacol. 2010;50(1):A1381\u201313823.","journal-title":"Curr protocols Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9022_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00515-3","volume":"16","author":"EF Haney","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haney EF, Trimble MJ, Hancock RE. Microtiter plate assays to assess antibiofilm activity against bacteria. Nat Protoc. 2021;16(5):2615\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"9022_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.44","volume":"1","author":"S Kamiloglu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kamiloglu S, Sari G, Ozdal T, Capanoglu E. Guidelines for cell viability assays. Food Front. 2020;1(3):332\u201349.","journal-title":"Food Front"},{"issue":"16","key":"9022_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100876","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202100876","volume":"8","author":"X Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng X, Gao J, Ding Y, Lu Y, Wei Q, Cui D, Fan J, Li X, Zhu E, Lu Y. Multi-functional liposome: a powerful theranostic nano\u2010platform enhancing photodynamic therapy. Adv Sci. 2021;8(16):2100876.","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"9022_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260887","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2023.1260887","volume":"10","author":"Y Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao Y, Lin H, Luo Y, Li J, Gong C, Chen H, Gong R. Nanomaterial-based photodynamic therapy for antibacterial applications: a comprehensive review. Front Mater. 2023;10:1260887.","journal-title":"Front Mater"},{"issue":"5","key":"9022_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.3390\/chemistry6050058","volume":"6","author":"B Zhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhan B, Wang J, Li H, Xiao K, Fang X, Shi Y, Jia Y. Ethosomes: a promising drug delivery platform for transdermal application. Chemistry. 2024;6(5):993\u20131019.","journal-title":"Chemistry"},{"issue":"12","key":"9022_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14122765","volume":"14","author":"K Huanbutta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huanbutta K, Rattanachitthawat N, Luangpraditkun K, Sriamornsak P, Puri V, Singh I, Sangnim T. Development and evaluation of ethosomes loaded with zingiber zerumbet linn rhizome extract for antifungal skin infection in deep layer skin. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(12):2765.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"9022_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.7b00187","volume":"2","author":"D Bagchi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bagchi D, Dutta S, Singh P, Chaudhuri S, Pal SK. Essential dynamics of an effective phototherapeutic drug in a nanoscopic delivery vehicle: Psoralen in ethosomes for biofilm treatment. ACS omega. 2017;2(5):1850\u20137.","journal-title":"ACS omega"},{"key":"9022_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.02052","volume":"11","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Y, Song J, Zhang F, Zeng K, Zhu X. Antifungal photodynamic activity of hexyl-aminolevulinate ethosomes against Candida albicans biofilm. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:2052.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"9022_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2018.09.007","volume":"24","author":"DAC M\u00e9ndez","year":"2018","unstructured":"M\u00e9ndez DAC, Gutierres E, Dionisio EJ, Buzalaf MAR, Oliveira RC, Machado MAAM, et al. Curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy reduces the viability and vitality of infected dentin caries microcosms. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther. 2018;24:102\u20138.","journal-title":"Photodiagn Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"9022_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.07.011","volume":"27","author":"DAC M\u00e9ndez","year":"2019","unstructured":"M\u00e9ndez DAC, Gutierrez E, Lamarque GCC, Rizzato VL, Buzalaf MAR, Machado MAAM, et al. The effectiveness of curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy depends on pre-irradiation and biofilm growth times. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther. 2019;27:474\u201380.","journal-title":"Photodiagn Photodyn Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"9022_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4398","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094398","volume":"22","author":"A Coelho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coelho A, Amaro I, Apol\u00f3nio A, Paula A, Saraiva J, Ferreira MM, Marto CM, Carrilho E. Effect of cavity disinfectants on adhesion to primary teeth\u2014a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(9):4398.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"9022_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-024-13057-x","volume":"108","author":"MVA Confessor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Confessor MVA, Agreles MAA, Campos LAdA, Silva Neto AF, Borges JC, Martins RM, et al. Olive oil nanoemulsion containing curcumin: antimicrobial agent against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2024;108(1):241.","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"9022_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160521","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2023.1160521","volume":"11","author":"Z Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu Z, Tang Y, Jiang B, Xu Y, Liu S, Huang C. Functional liposome loaded curcumin for the treatment of Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Front Chem. 2023;11:1160521.","journal-title":"Front Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"9022_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-021-00942-5","volume":"12","author":"T Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang T, Wu L, Wang Y, Song J, Zhang F, Zhu X. Hexyl-aminolevulinate ethosome-mediated photodynamic therapy against acne: in vitro and in vivo analyses. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2022;12(1):325\u201332.","journal-title":"Drug Deliv Transl Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"9022_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16060830","volume":"16","author":"A Kostrz\u0119bska","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kostrz\u0119bska A, Junka A, Bro\u017cyna M, Musia\u0142 W. The Assessment of Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Hydrophilic Gels Containing Tetracycline Hydrochloride and Various Concentrations of Ethanol. Pharmaceutics. 2024;16(6):830.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"9022_CR42","first-page":"637601","volume":"2014","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Leung AW, Hua H, Rao X, Xu C. Photodynamic action of LED-activated curcumin against Staphylococcus aureus involving intracellular ROS increase and membrane damage. Int J Photoenergy. 2014;2014(1):637601.","journal-title":"Int J Photoenergy"},{"issue":"2","key":"9022_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/php.14000","volume":"101","author":"P Joshi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Joshi P, Soares JM, Martins GM, Zucolotto Cocca LH, De Boni L, de Oliveira KT, Bagnato VS, Blanco KC. Enhancing the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy through curcumin modifications. Photochem Photobiol. 2025;101(2):359\u201372.","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"9022_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100384","volume":"45","author":"LD Dias","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dias LD, Blanco KC, Mfouo-Tynga IS, Inada NM, Bagnato VS. Curcumin as a photosensitizer: From molecular structure to recent advances in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. J Photochem Photobiol C. 2020;45:100384.","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol C"},{"issue":"2","key":"9022_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2009.04.046","volume":"336","author":"M Mahmoudi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mahmoudi M, Simchi A, Milani A, Stroeve P. Cell toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2009;336(2):510\u20138.","journal-title":"J Colloid Interface Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"9022_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/08982104.2018.1556292","volume":"29","author":"MR Peram","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peram MR, Jalalpure S, Kumbar V, Patil S, Joshi S, Bhat K, Diwan P. Factorial design based curcumin ethosomal nanocarriers for the skin cancer delivery: in vitro evaluation. J Liposome Res. 2019;29(3):291\u2013311.","journal-title":"J Liposome Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9022_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2011.09.009","volume":"17","author":"MM Yallapu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yallapu MM, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC. Curcumin nanoformulations: a future nanomedicine for cancer. Drug Discovery Today. 2012;17(1\u20132):71\u201380.","journal-title":"Drug Discovery Today"},{"key":"9022_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119936","volume":"592","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, Xu F, Li X, Chen S-Y, Huang L-Y, Bian Y-Y, et al. Development of curcumin-loaded composite phospholipid ethosomes for enhanced skin permeability and vesicle stability. Int J Pharm. 2021;592:119936.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"28","key":"9022_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31525","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c02741","volume":"14","author":"AA Dayyih","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dayyih AA, Gutberlet B, Preis E, Engelhardt KH, Amin MU, Abdelsalam AM, Bonsu M, Bakowsky U. Thermoresponsive liposomes for photo-triggered release of hypericin cyclodextrin inclusion complex for efficient antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022;14(28):31525\u201340.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09022-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09022-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09022-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:36:00Z","timestamp":1789014960000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09022-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09022-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the ethics committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, (IR.TUMS.BLC.1403.101).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1699"}}