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Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) allows accurate three-dimensional evaluation of anatomical features and variations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the root and canal morphology of 1,008 permanent mandibular anterior teeth in a Chilean subpopulation using CBCT, and to classify canal configurations according to an alphanumeric coding system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 168 CBCT scans from patients aged 15\u201375 years were retrospectively analyzed. The number of roots and canals, root and corono-radicular lengths, and bilateral symmetry were assessed in 336 mandibular central incisors, 336 mandibular lateral incisors, and 336 mandibular canines. Root canal configurations were classified using an alphanumeric coding system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All mandibular incisors presented a single root (100%), while 1.5% of mandibular canines exhibited two roots. The most common canal configuration was a single canal (\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      TN\n                      <jats:sup>1\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), observed in 69.3% of central incisors, 68.4% of lateral incisors, and 90.8% of canines. Complex configurations, including\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      TN\n                      <jats:sup>1\u20132\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      and\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      TN\n                      <jats:sup>2\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , were also identified. Bilateral symmetry was recorded in 82.7% of central incisors, 82.1% of lateral incisors, and 86.9% of canines.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this Chilean subpopulation, mandibular anterior teeth predominantly exhibited a single root and a simple canal configuration, with a smaller proportion showing complex anatomies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-09313-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T14:05:09Z","timestamp":1784383509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CBCT assessment of root and canal morphology in mandibular anterior teeth in a Chilean subpopulation using an alphanumeric coding system"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9903-2920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Betancourt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Saa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1161-6703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Sanz-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1303-3787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montse","family":"Mercad\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6445-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9313_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-03934-2","volume":"24","author":"NA Taha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taha NA, Makahleh N, Hatipoglu FP. 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For participants under 18 years of age, informed assent was obtained, and written consent was provided by their parents or legal guardians. Ethical approval was granted by the Scientific Ethics Committee of Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile (Protocol No. 095\/23).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"2036"}}