{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:38:35Z","timestamp":1792787915711,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National IT Industry Promotion Agency (NIPA) in Korea","award":["S0901-25-1003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S0901-25-1003"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026v53e29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National IT Industry Promotion Agency (NIPA) in Korea","award":["S0901-25-1003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S0901-25-1003"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026v53e29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-09784-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:43:33Z","timestamp":1789559013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Skeletal displacements and upper airway changes following tooth-borne and tooth-bone-borne rapid palatal expansion in adolescents: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hai-Van","family":"Giap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moayad","family":"Alomaym","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chooryung J.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Hwan","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo-Hee","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9962-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amani","family":"Alkhamees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kee-Joon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"9784_CR1","first-page":"540","volume":"1","author":"E Angell","year":"1860","unstructured":"Angell E. Treatment of irregularity of the permanent or adult teeth. Dent Cosmos. 1860;1:540\u20134.","journal-title":"Dent Cosmos"},{"issue":"3","key":"9784_CR2","first-page":"200","volume":"35","author":"AJ Haas","year":"1965","unstructured":"Haas AJ. The treatment of maxillary deficiency by opening the midpalatal suture. Angle Orthod. 1965;35(3):200\u201317.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"9784_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(70)90241-1","volume":"57","author":"AJ Haas","year":"1970","unstructured":"Haas AJ. Palatal expansion: just the beginning of dentofacial orthopedics. Am J Orthod. 1970;57(3):219\u201355.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"9784_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2319\/030514-156.1","volume":"85","author":"L Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin L, Ahn H-W, Kim S-J, Moon S-C, Kim S-H, Nelson G. Tooth-borne vs bone-borne rapid maxillary expanders in late adolescence. Angle Orthod. 2015;85(2):253\u201362.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"9784_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.02.022","volume":"148","author":"MG Toklu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Toklu MG, Germec-Cakan D, Tozlu M. Periodontal, dentoalveolar, and skeletal effects of tooth-borne and tooth-bone-borne expansion appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2015;148(1):97\u2013109.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"9784_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.10.065","volume":"137","author":"K-J Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee K-J, Park Y-C, Park J-Y, Hwang W-S. Miniscrew-assisted nonsurgical palatal expansion before orthognathic surgery for a patient with severe mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2010;137(6):830\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"9784_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee M, Kim KB. Comparing bone-borne and tooth-bone-borne maxillary expansion devices: Evaluating benefits and indications. Paper presented at: Seminars in Orthodontics2025.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2024.07.008"},{"issue":"1","key":"9784_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02138-w","volume":"22","author":"J-H Chun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chun J-H, de Castro ACR, Oh S, et al. Skeletal and alveolar changes in conventional rapid palatal expansion (RPE) and miniscrew-assisted RPE (MARPE): a prospective randomized clinical trial using low-dose CBCT. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):114.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"9784_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1080\/27705781.2022.2051120","volume":"81","author":"Y-C Liao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liao Y-C, Ho K-H, Wang C-W, Wang K-L, Hsieh S-C, Chang H-M. Skeletal and dental changes after microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE)\u2013a Cephalometric and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) study. Clin Invest Orthod. 2022;81(2):84\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Invest Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"9784_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.014","volume":"143","author":"T Iwasaki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iwasaki T, Saitoh I, Takemoto Y, et al. Tongue posture improvement and pharyngeal airway enlargement as secondary effects of rapid maxillary expansion: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2013;143(2):235\u201345.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"9","key":"9784_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13090410","volume":"13","author":"R Alrumaih","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alrumaih R, Alterki A, Qali M. Maxillary expansion in the management of obstructive sleep apnea: A comprehensive review. Dentistry J. 2025;13(9):410.","journal-title":"Dentistry J"},{"issue":"4","key":"9784_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod25.020","volume":"55","author":"E Basal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Basal E, Ozbilen EO, Turan B, Acar YB, Acar ZA. Nasal and pharyngeal airway changes following three different rapid palatal expansion protocols in nongrowing subjects: Effects of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion and surgically-assisted rapid palatal expansion with or without pterygomaxillary disjunction. Korean J Orthod. 2025;55(4):314\u201326.","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"9784_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2021.01.004","volume":"19","author":"SA Arqub","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arqub SA, Mehta S, Iverson MG, Yadav S, Upadhyay M, Almuzian M. Does Mini Screw Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) have an influence on airway and breathing in middle-aged children and adolescents? A systematic review. Int Orthod. 2021;19(1):37\u201350.","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"9784_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.2319\/021221-122.1","volume":"92","author":"S Mehta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mehta S, Gandhi V, Vich ML, Allareddy V, Tadinada A, Yadav S. Long-term assessment of conventional and mini-screw\u2013assisted rapid palatal expansion on the nasal cavity. Angle Orthod. 2022;92(3):315\u201323.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"9784_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03344-w","volume":"23","author":"C Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu C, Wang K, Jiang C, et al. The short-and long-term changes of upper airway and alar in nongrowing patients treated with Mini-Implant Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):820.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"9784_CR16","first-page":"463","volume":"39","author":"LM Buck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Buck LM, Dalci O, Darendeliler MA, Papageorgiou SN, Papadopoulou AK. Volumetric upper airway changes after rapid maxillary expansion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2017;39(5):463\u201373.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"9784_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aras I, Walma DC, Olavarria O, Othman E, Akyalcin S. Skeletal and nasal airflow changes in late adolescents and young adults after RPE vs MARPE: a randomized clinical trial. The Angle Orthodontist. 2025;1(aop).","DOI":"10.2319\/121224-1020.1"},{"issue":"1","key":"9784_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03461-6","volume":"23","author":"J Echarri-Nicol\u00e1s","year":"2023","unstructured":"Echarri-Nicol\u00e1s J, Gonz\u00e1lez-Olmo MJ, Echarri-Labiondo P, Romero M. Short-term outcomes in the upper airway with tooth-bone-borne vs bone-borne rapid maxillary expanders. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):714.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"9784_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2021.01.001","volume":"79","author":"H-V Giap","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giap H-V, Shin JW, Chae HS, Kim YH, Paeng J-Y, Choi HW. Pharyngeal airway morphology in skeletal class III with mandibular asymmetry is improved after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;79(5):1107\u201321.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"9784_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.07.025","volume":"153","author":"M Bazina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bazina M, Cevidanes L, Ruellas A, et al. Precision and reliability of Dolphin 3-dimensional voxel-based superimposition. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2018;153(4):599\u2013606.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"9784_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.2319\/092917-656.1","volume":"88","author":"S-Y Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim S-Y, Park Y-C, Lee K-J, et al. Assessment of changes in the nasal airway after nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion in young adults. Angle Orthod. 2018;88(4):435\u201341.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"9784_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2013.38.3.182","volume":"38","author":"H-Y Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim H-Y. Statistical notes for clinical researchers: Evaluation of measurement error 2: Dahlberg\u2019s error, Bland-Altman method, and Kappa coefficient. Restor dentistry endodontics. 2013;38(3):182.","journal-title":"Restor dentistry endodontics"},{"issue":"10","key":"9784_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2024-225537","volume":"83","author":"S Lydersen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lydersen S. Adjustment of p values for multiple hypotheses: why, when and how. Ann Rheum Dis. 2024;83(10):1254\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"9784_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2017.47.3.167","volume":"47","author":"Y-J Koo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koo Y-J, Choi S-H, Keum B-T, et al. Maxillomandibular arch width differences at estimated centers of resistance: comparison between normal occlusion and skeletal Class III malocclusion. korean J Orthod. 2017;47(3):167\u201375.","journal-title":"korean J Orthod"},{"issue":"9","key":"9784_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.10.013","volume":"70","author":"SA Schendel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schendel SA, Jacobson R, Khalessi S. Airway growth and development: a computerized 3-dimensional analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70(9):2174\u201383.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"9784_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04281-0","volume":"26","author":"JY Jeon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jeon JY, Choi S-H, Chung CJ, Lee K-J. The success and effectiveness of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion are age-and sex-dependent. Clin Oral Invest. 2022;26(3):2993\u20133003.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Invest"},{"issue":"15","key":"9784_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8326","DOI":"10.3390\/app15158326","volume":"15","author":"J-M Lee Hb, Chae","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee Hb, Chae J-M, Park JH, Kim NJ, Han S-H. Comparison of dentoalveolar changes with miniscrew-assisted versus conventional rapid palatal expansion in growing patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Appl Sci. 2025;15(15):8326.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"9784_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(71)90046-7","volume":"59","author":"GE Gardner","year":"1971","unstructured":"Gardner GE, Kronman JH. Cranioskeletal displacements caused by rapid palatal expansion in the rhesus monkey. Am J Orthod. 1971;59(2):146\u201355.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"9784_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.10.024","volume":"140","author":"A Ghoneima","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ghoneima A, Abdel-Fattah E, Hartsfield J, El-Bedwehi A, Kamel A, Kula K. Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on the cranial and circummaxillary sutures. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2011;140(4):510\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"9784_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.10.035","volume":"126","author":"C-H Chung","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chung C-H, Font B. Skeletal and dental changes in the sagittal, vertical, and transverse dimensions after rapid palatal expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2004;126(5):569\u201375.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"9784_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2023.09.017","volume":"165","author":"S Mehta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mehta S, Vishwanath M, Patel A, Vich ML, Allareddy V, Yadav S. Long-term evaluation of soft-tissue changes after miniscrew-assisted and conventional rapid palatal expansion using voxel-based superimposition of cone-beam computed tomography scans. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2024;165(3):332\u201343.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"9784_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-017-0189-6","volume":"18","author":"R Lione","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lione R, Brunelli V, Franchi L, Pavoni C, Quiroga Souki B, Cozza P. Mandibular response after rapid maxillary expansion in class II growing patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Prog Orthodont. 2017;18(1):36.","journal-title":"Prog Orthodont"},{"issue":"6","key":"9784_CR33","first-page":"1046","volume":"75","author":"MO Lagravere","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lagravere MO, Major PW, Flores-Mir C. Long-term skeletal changes with rapid maxillary expansion. Angle Orthod. 2005;75(6):1046\u201352.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"9784_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892421995350","volume":"35","author":"C Calvo-Henriquez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Calvo-Henriquez C, Megias-Barrera J, Chiesa-Estomba C, et al. The impact of maxillary expansion on adults\u2019 nasal breathing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2021;35(6):923\u201334.","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"issue":"4","key":"9784_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.10.029","volume":"161","author":"H Jia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jia H, Zhuang L, Zhang N, Bian Y, Li S. Age-dependent effects of transverse maxillary deficiency treated by microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion: a prospective cone-beam computed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2022;161(4):557\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"9784_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjab005","volume":"43","author":"A Kapetanovi\u0107","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kapetanovi\u0107 A, Theodorou CI, Berg\u00e9 SJ, Schols JG, Xi T. Efficacy of Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) in late adolescents and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2021;43(3):313\u201323.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09784-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09784-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09784-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:50:05Z","timestamp":1790772605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09784-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9784"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09784-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study protocol conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Yonsei University Dental Hospital (IRB No. 2-2024-0067). The original trial was retrospectively registered at the WHO International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (Registration number: KCT0006871 \/ Registration date 27\/12\/2021). No modifications to the study protocol or trial procedures were implemented after trial initiation. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior their inclusion in the study, in which consent to participate was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of any participant under the age of 16.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1874"}}