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Although each patient contributed 12 anterior teeth, regression analyses were performed separately for each tooth type. Participants were evenly distributed across five predefined age strata (15\u201324, 25\u201334, 35\u201344, 45\u201354, and \u2265\u200955 years), while age was treated as a continuous variable in all analyses. Measurements included length ratio (LR), buccolingual and mesiodistal width ratios (WR), and canal shape ratio (CSR), obtained using OnDemand3D\u2122 software. Multiple linear regression was used to assess age associations and construct exploratory age\u2011estimation models, while logistic regression was used for exploratory sex\u2011prediction analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sample comprised 69% females and 31% males, with a mean age of 39.65\u2009\u00b1\u200914.58 years. Several morphometric indices showed tooth\u2011 and level\u2011specific associations with age. Buccolingual WR at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) demonstrated the most frequent association. CSR showed significant negative associations with age in maxillary and mandibular central incisors and mandibular lateral incisors. LR showed only limited association with age. Sex demonstrated limited and inconsistent relationships. The maxillary right central incisor showed the strongest apparent model fit (R\u00b2 = 0.465), with buccolingual WR at the CEJ as the most influential morphometric index across models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Root canal morphometric indices exhibit tooth-specific associations with chronological age in this population. Central incisors and mandibular lateral incisors demonstrated the most consistent age-related associations, and buccolingual WR at the CEJ showed the most frequent association with age. Tooth\u2011specific variability in model fit suggests that morphometric behavior, rather than methodological factors, drives the strength of age\u2011related associations. These findings represent exploratory age\u2011estimation patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-09866-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T02:23:59Z","timestamp":1789525439000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Root canal morphometric indices of anterior teeth and their association with chronological age: a retrospective CBCT study in an Iranian population"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Nazanin","family":"Zargar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arefeh","family":"Shamsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaser","family":"Safi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza Akbarzadeh","family":"Baghban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asal","family":"Fetrati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Payam","family":"Paymanpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"9866_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2004.01.006","volume":"36","author":"VE Arana-Chavez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Arana-Chavez VE, Massa LF. 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Int Endod J. 2011;44(8):752\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2011.01882.x.","journal-title":"Int Endod J"}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09866-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09866-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09866-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:02:43Z","timestamp":1790553763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09866-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9866"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09866-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University School of Dentistry (Ethics Code: IR.SBMU.DRC.REC.1402.061). All participants provided written informed consent for the use of their imaging data for research purposes. For participants younger than 16 years of age, written informed consent was obtained from a parent or legal guardian. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional guidelines.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. The manuscript contains no identifiable personal data, images, or videos requiring consent for publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1832"}}