{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:46:01Z","timestamp":1791942361366,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011727","name":"Stockholm l\u00e4ns landsting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011727","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inequalities in oral health persist, particularly in highly developed countries, where socioeconomic status is an important explanatory factor. Previous analyses identified immigrant background as a determinant of dental caries development. The present study further explored this association by investigating the influence of home language and the income classification of the country or region of origin on caries development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective longitudinal cohort study followed 3,402 children who lived in 23 socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in Stockholm, Sweden, from ages 1 to 3 years. Caries was assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) criteria. Primary outcome measures were number of tooth surfaces with dental caries (ICDAS\u2009\u2265\u20091 and ICDAS\u2009\u2265\u20093). Longitudinal data were collected through annual clinical examinations that included questionnaires at ages 1, 2, and 3 years. Immigrant background was defined by the languages spoken at home, which were linked to the income classification of the country or region of origin and categorized as low-, middle-, or high-income European or non-European countries or regions. These factors, home language and income classification, served as exposure variables in the analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study identified 83 home languages. The reference group, the Swedish language group, had the lowest caries count at all time points and showed the smallest increase in caries development. The Mixed language group (Swedish and one or more foreign home languages) had a caries risk between the reference group (Swedish language) and the non-Swedish language group (no Swedish was spoken at home). Higher caries development was found among some immigrant groups, particularly those from middle-income European countries and non-European countries or regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immigrant background emerged as a sociodemographic determinant, with evident variation in caries outcomes across different groups. Preventive efforts should continue, but further development to better address the specific needs of multicultural, low-socioeconomic communities. Measures such as use of interpreters, multilingual materials, and establishment of community outreach programs could be beneficial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ISRCTN35086887. Registered 16 December 2013.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-09919-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:40:10Z","timestamp":1790664010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immigrant background as a determinant of caries development in Swedish children"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2765-5931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5691-2127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Oksanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Chamoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1371-8770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunilla","family":"Klingberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5248-9202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aron","family":"Naimi-Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10159","key":"9919_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators","year":"2018","unstructured":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789\u2013858.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9919_CR2","unstructured":"Stockholm County Council. V\u00e5rdgivarguiden: Barntandv\u00e5rd. Available from: https:\/\/vardgivarguiden.se\/barntandvard.\u00a0Cited 2025 Feb26."},{"issue":"5","key":"9919_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515573272","volume":"94","author":"NJ Kassebaum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kassebaum NJ, Bernabe E, Dahiya M, Bhandari B, Murray CJ, Marcenes W. Global burden of untreated caries: a systematic review and metaregression. J Dent Res. 2015;94(5):650\u20138.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"9919_CR4","unstructured":"Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. Munh\u00e4lsoutveckling bland barn i f\u00f6rskole\u00e5ldern. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.socialstyrelsen.se\/globalassets\/sharepoint-dokument\/artikelkatalog\/ovrigt\/2022-6-7991.pdf. Cited 2026 Feb26."},{"issue":"1","key":"9919_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514557546","volume":"94","author":"F Schwendicke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schwendicke F, Dorfer CE, Schlattmann P, Page LF, Thomson WM, Paris S. Socioeconomic inequality and caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent Res. 2015;94(1):10\u20138.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"9919_CR6","first-page":"343","volume":"29","author":"M Grindefjord","year":"1995","unstructured":"Grindefjord M, Dahll\u00f6f G, Nilsson B, Mod\u00e9er T. Prediction of dental caries development in 1-year-old children. Caries Res. 1995;29(5):343\u20138.","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"9919_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2010.00774.x","volume":"118","author":"A Julihn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Julihn A, Ekbom A, Modeer T. Migration background: a risk factor for caries development during adolescence. Eur J Oral Sci. 2010;118(6):618\u201325.","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"9919_CR8","unstructured":"Statistics Sweden. Utrikes f\u00f6dda efter f\u00f6delseland och antal \u00e5r sedan senaste invandring: \u00c5r 2000\u20132023. Available from: https:\/\/www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se\/pxweb\/th\/ssd\/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101E\/UtrikesFoddaAntAr\/?rxid=86abd797-7854-4564-9150-c9b06ae3ab07c9b06ae3ab07c9b06ae3ab07. Cited 2026 Feb26."},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"9919_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494812459610","volume":"40","author":"A Hjern","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hjern A. Migration and public health: Health in Sweden: The National Public Health Report 2012. Chapter 13. Scand J Public Health. 2012;40(9 Suppl):255\u201367.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"9919_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233","volume":"53","author":"RH Bradley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bradley RH, Corwyn RF. Socioeconomic status and child development. Annu Rev Psychol. 2002;53:371\u20139911.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9919_CR11","first-page":"102","volume":"21","author":"PM Adair","year":"2004","unstructured":"Adair PM, Pine CM, Burnside G, Nicoll AD, Gillett A, Anwar S, et al. Familial and cultural perceptions and beliefs of oral hygiene and dietary practices among ethnically and socio-economicall diverse groups. Community Dent Health. 2004;21(1):102\u201311.","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"9919_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2006.00256.x","volume":"34","author":"MS Skeie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Skeie MS, Riordan PJ, Klock KS, Espelid I. Parental risk attitudes and caries-related behaviours among immigrant and western native children in Oslo. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2006;34(2):103\u201313.","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9919_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2014.914569","volume":"72","author":"C Stecks\u00e9n-Blicks","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stecks\u00e9n-Blicks C, Hassl\u00f6f P, Kieri C, Widman K. Caries and background factors in Swedish 4-year-old children with special reference to immigrant status. Acta Odontol Scand. 2014;72(8):852\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"issue":"8","key":"9919_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15882","volume":"110","author":"A Julihn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Julihn A, Cunha Soares F, Hjern A, Dahllof G. Development level of the country of parental origin on dental caries in children of immigrant parents in Sweden. Acta Paediatr. 2021;110(8):2405\u201314.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"9919_CR15","volume-title":"Tandh\u00e4lsorapport 2010. HSN 1104\u2009\u2013\u20090346","author":"Stockholm County Council","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stockholm County Council. Tandh\u00e4lsorapport 2010. HSN 1104\u2009\u2013\u20090346. Stockholm County: Stockholm County Council; 2010."},{"issue":"1","key":"9919_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1159\/000442675","volume":"50","author":"M Anderson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anderson M, Dahll\u00f6f G, Twetman S, Jansson L, Bergenlid AC, Grindefjord M. Effectiveness of Early Preventive Intervention with Semiannual Fluoride Varnish Application in Toddlers Living in High-Risk Areas: A Stratified Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Caries Res. 2016;50(1):17\u201323.","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"9919_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-021-00642-1","volume":"22","author":"M Anderson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anderson M, Dahllof G, Warnqvist A, Grindefjord M. Development of dental caries and risk factors between 1 and 7 years of age in areas of high risk for dental caries in Stockholm, Sweden. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2021;22(5):947\u201357.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"9919_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2018.1548709","volume":"77","author":"M Anderson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anderson M, Davidson T, Dahllof G, Grindefjord M. Economic evaluation of an expanded caries-preventive program targeting toddlers in high-risk areas in Sweden. Acta Odontol Scand. 2019;77(4):303\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"9919_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06750-4","volume":"21","author":"M Pandey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pandey M, Maina RG, Amoyaw J, Li Y, Kamrul R, Michaels CR, et al. Impacts of English language proficiency on healthcare access, use, and outcomes among immigrants: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21(1):741.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"9919_CR20","first-page":"2646","volume":"11","author":"NJ Veiga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Veiga NJ, Couto P, Correia P, Mello-Moura ACV, Lopes PC, Correia MJ. Oral Health Strategies: Surveying the Present to Plan the Future of Community-Based Learning. Healthc (Basel). 2023;11(19):2646.","journal-title":"Healthc (Basel)"},{"key":"9919_CR21","unstructured":"Karolinska Institutet, Anderson M. Stop caries Stockholm: a caries-prevention program for children living in multicultural areas with low socioeconomic status. 2017. Available from: https:\/\/openarchive.ki.se\/articles\/thesis\/Stop_caries_Stockholm_a_caries-prevention_program_for_children_living_in_multicultural_areas_with_low_socioeconomic_status\/26906122.\u00a0Cited 2026 Feb26."},{"issue":"3","key":"9919_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00347.x","volume":"35","author":"AI Ismail","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ismail AI, Sohn W, Tellez M, Amaya A, Sen A, Hasson H, et al. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): an integrated system for measuring dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2007;35(3):170\u20138.","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"9919_CR23","volume-title":"International Caries Detection And Assessement System (ICDAS) e-Learning. Package. Interactive CD ROM And Web-Based Software","author":"G Topping","year":"2008","unstructured":"Topping G, Hally J, Bonner B. International Caries Detection And Assessement System (ICDAS) e-Learning. Package. Interactive CD ROM And Web-Based Software. London: Smile-on, London. 2008."},{"key":"9919_CR24","unstructured":"World Bank. World Bank Country and Lending Groups: Country classification. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups.\u00a0Cited 2023 Jan27."},{"key":"9919_CR25","unstructured":"Simple English Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia contributors: List of languages. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_languages. Cited 2025 Mars23."},{"key":"9919_CR26","unstructured":"Ethnologue. Languages of the World. Available from: https:\/\/www.ethnologue.com\/. Cited 2025 Mars23."},{"key":"9919_CR27","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/. Cited 2025 Mars23."},{"issue":"2","key":"9919_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066","volume":"9","author":"ME Brooks","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brooks ME, Kristensen K, van Benthem KJ, Magnusson A, Berg CW, Nielsen A, et al. glmmTMB Balances Speed and Flexibility Among Packages for Zero-inflated Generalized Linear Mixed Modeling. R J. 2017;9(2):378\u2013400.","journal-title":"R J"},{"issue":"3","key":"9919_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00772","volume":"26","author":"D L\u00fcdecke","year":"2018","unstructured":"L\u00fcdecke D. ggeffects: Tidy data frames of marginal effects from regression models. J Open Source Softw. 2018;26(3):772.","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"key":"9919_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1992.tb33484.x","volume":"645","author":"NG Schiller","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schiller NG, Basch L, Blanc-Szanton C. Transnationalism: a new analytic framework for understanding migration. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992;645:1\u201324.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"9919_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-009-9278-z","volume":"13","author":"S Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee S, Nguyen HA, Tsui J. Interview language: a proxy measure for acculturation among Asian Americans in a population-based survey. J Immigr Minor Health. 2011;13(2):244\u201352.","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"9919_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0212891","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212891","volume":"14","author":"R Dahlan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dahlan R, Badri P, Saltaji H, Amin M. Impact of acculturation on oral health among immigrants and ethnic minorities: A systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(2):e0212891.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"9919_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02130-4","volume":"22","author":"A Granlund","year":"2022","unstructured":"Granlund A, Soares FC, Hjern A, Dahll\u00f6f G, Julihn A. Acculturation and 4-year caries increment among children of foreign-born mothers in Sweden: a register-based cohort study. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):111.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"9919_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.04.040","volume":"75","author":"D Acevedo-Garcia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Acevedo-Garcia D, Sanchez-Vaznaugh EV, Viruell-Fuentes EA, Almeida J. Integrating social epidemiology into immigrant health research: a cross-national framework. Soc Sci Med. 2012;75(12):2060\u20138.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"9919_CR35","unstructured":"Statistics Sweden. Educational attainment of the population. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.scb.se\/contentassets\/1b5417716c8d4b3d888d009fb3ebea6b\/uf0506_2022a01_sm_a40br2309.pdf. Cited 2025 Mars23."},{"issue":"4","key":"9919_CR36","first-page":"256","volume":"30","author":"M Grindefjord","year":"1996","unstructured":"Grindefjord M, Dahll\u00f6f G, Nilsson B, Mod\u00e9er T. Stepwise prediction of dental caries in children up to 3.5 years of age. Caries Res. 1996;30(4):256\u201366.","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"9919_CR37","volume-title":"Sugars Intake for Adults and Children","author":"Guideline","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guideline. Sugars Intake for Adults and Children. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015."},{"key":"9919_CR38","unstructured":"Statistics Sweden. Food Sales. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.scb.se\/contentassets\/b740ba3dc087454099bd19ef9f033df4\/ha0103_2022a01_sm_haftbr2201.pdf. Cited 2025 Mars23."},{"issue":"2","key":"9919_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00419-2","volume":"4","author":"BM Popkin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Popkin BM, Hawkes C. Sweetening of the global diet, particularly beverages: patterns, trends, and policy responses. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016;4(2):174\u201386.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9919_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1981.tb00334.x","volume":"9","author":"A Ekman","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ekman A, Holm AK, Schelin B, Gustafsson L. Dental health and parental attitudes in Finnish immigrant preschoolchildren in the north of Sweden. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1981;9(5):224\u20139.","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9919_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1162G","volume":"124","author":"LM Sanders","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sanders LM, Shaw JS, Guez G, Baur C, Rudd R. Health literacy and child health promotion: implications for research, clinical care, and public policy. Pediatrics. 2009;124(3):306\u201314.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"9919_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12346-8","volume":"12","author":"KT Mekhail","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mekhail KT, Burstr\u00f6m B, Marttila A, W\u00e5ngdahl J, Lindberg L. Psychometric qualities of the HLS-EU-Q16 instrument for parental health literacy in Swedish multicultural settings. BMC Public Health. 2022;12(1):293.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"9919_CR43","first-page":"CD012292","volume":"6","author":"P von Philipsborn","year":"2019","unstructured":"von Philipsborn P, Stratil JM, Burns J, Busert LK, Pfadenhauer LM, Polus S, Holzapfel C, Hauner H, Rehfuess E. Environmental interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their effects on health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;6(6):CD012292.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"9919_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18073-0","volume":"24","author":"A Balasooriyan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Balasooriyan A, van der Veen MH, Bonifacio CC, Dedding C. Understanding parental perspectives on young children\u2019s oral health (= 4 years) growing up in a disadvantaged neighbourhood of Amsterdam, the Netherlands: an exploratory study<\/at. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):627.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"9919_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.04.012","volume":"88","author":"R Pechey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pechey R, Monsivais P. Socioeconomic inequalities in the healthiness of food choices: Exploring the contributions of food expenditures. Prev Med. 2016;88:203\u20139.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"9919_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2009.09.008","volume":"9","author":"C Mobley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mobley C, Marshall TA, Milgrom P, Coldwell SE. The contribution of dietary factors to dental caries and disparities in caries. Acad Pediatr. 2009;9(6):410\u20134.","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"9919_CR47","first-page":"74","volume":"104","author":"S Ordell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ordell S. Fr\u00e5n hantverk till akademisk profession. Tandl\u00e4kartidningen. 2012;104(4):74\u20139.","journal-title":"Tandl\u00e4kartidningen"},{"issue":"6","key":"9919_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.13174","volume":"34","author":"C Blomma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Blomma C, Aronsson K, B\u00e5gesund M, Risberg MB, Gerdin EW, Davidson T. Evaluation of an early childhood caries preventive programme starting during pregnancy-Results after 3 and 6 years. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2024;34(6):744\u201354.","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"9919_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-025-01009-6","volume":"26","author":"I Br\u00e4nnemo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Br\u00e4nnemo I, Norman J, Kvist T, Lindberg L, Tsilingaridis G. Oral health among children participating in an extended home visiting programme-a case\u2013control study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2025;26(3):517\u201325.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"5","key":"9919_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-017-0305-9","volume":"18","author":"G Koch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koch G, Helkimo AN, Ullbro C. Caries prevalence and distribution in individuals aged 3\u201320 years in Jonkoping, Sweden: trends over 40 years. Eur Arch Paediatr. 2017;18(5):363\u201370.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr"},{"key":"9919_CR51","unstructured":"Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. Karies bland barn och ungdomar \u2013 Epidemiologiska uppgifter f\u00f6r \u00e5r. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.socialstyrelsen.se\/globalassets\/sharepoint-dokument\/artikelkatalog\/ovrigt\/2024-5-9093.pdf.s. Cited 2025 Mars23."}],"container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09919-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09919-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09919-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:05:09Z","timestamp":1791939909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09919-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-026-09919-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The Regional Ethics Committee in Stockholm previously approved the SCS trial (Daybook no. [Dnr] 2010\/1956) and has also approved the present study (Daybook no. 2023\/00738\u2009\u2212\u2009302) and written informed parental consent was obtained.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Constent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1994"}}