{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:46:59Z","timestamp":1791935219734,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wear of occlusal splint materials may alter appliance geometry and occlusal relationships during use. This in vitro study evaluated the volumetric material loss of four commercially available occlusal splint materials differing in polymer composition and manufacturing technology after mechanical loading in artificial saliva and simulated gastric acid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 128 specimens were prepared from two digital light processing (DLP)-printed PMMA-based resins (Detax Freeprint Splint and Armarez), one CAD\/CAM-milled PEEK material (PEEK Biosolution), and one conventionally injection-molded polyamide material (Cool&amp;Flex). The specimens were allocated to artificial saliva or simulated gastric acid and subjected to either 30,000 or 120,000 chewing cycles. Baseline and post-simulation stereolithography datasets were superimposed, and volumetric material loss was calculated in mm\u00b3. The effects of material, storage medium, chewing-cycle number, and their interactions were evaluated using robust factorial ANOVA based on 20% trimmed means.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Volumetric material loss was significantly associated with material (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, partial \u03b7\u00b2 = 0.881), chewing-cycle number (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001, partial \u03b7\u00b2 = 0.626), and the material \u00d7 chewing-cycle interaction (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001, partial \u03b7\u00b2 = 0.752). The main effect of storage medium was not statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.054). When values were pooled across both storage media and chewing-cycle conditions, Cool&amp;Flex showed the greatest volumetric material loss (20% trimmed mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SE: 1.171\u2009\u00b1\u20090.193\u00a0mm\u00b3), whereas comparatively low values were observed for PEEK Biosolution (0.079\u2009\u00b1\u20090.014\u00a0mm\u00b3) and Armarez (0.087\u2009\u00b1\u20090.020\u00a0mm\u00b3).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Under the conditions of this in vitro study, volumetric material loss differed among the tested commercial products and increased with mechanical loading, although the magnitude of this increase varied by material. Storage in simulated gastric acid did not significantly affect volumetric material loss. Because polymer composition and manufacturing method varied simultaneously among the products, their independent effects cannot be distinguished. These findings are limited to the materials and experimental conditions evaluated and should not be interpreted as direct predictions of clinical longevity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-10055-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:46:59Z","timestamp":1790887619000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative volumetric wear of occlusal splint materials under simulated gastric acid and artificial saliva conditions"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"K\u00fcbra","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z Domani\u00e7","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beg\u00fcm","family":"Giritlio\u011flu \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muzaffer","family":"Ate\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"10055_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2022.12.013","volume":"35","author":"H Albagieh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Albagieh H, Alomran I, Binakresh A, Alhatarisha N, Almeteb M, Khalaf Y, et al. Occlusal splints-types and effectiveness in temporomandibular disorder management. Saudi Dent J. 2023;35:70\u20139.","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"key":"10055_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05360-0","volume":"27","author":"M Benli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Benli M, Al-Haj Husain N, \u00d6zcan M. Mechanical and chemical characterization of contemporary occlusal splint materials fabricated with different methods: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig. 2023;27:7115\u201341.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"10055_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05772-6","volume":"28","author":"C Valenti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Valenti C, Federici MI, Coniglio M, et al. Mechanical and biological properties of polymer materials for oral appliances produced with additive 3D printing and subtractive CAD-CAM techniques compared to conventional methods: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2024;28:396.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"10055_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01165-9","volume":"20","author":"K Yildiz Domanic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yildiz Domanic K, Aslan YU, Ozkan Y. Two-body wear of occlusal splint materials against different antagonists. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20:174.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10055_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.105053","volume":"126","author":"A Grymak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grymak A, Waddell JN, Aarts JM, Ma S, Choi JJE. Evaluation of wear behaviour of various occlusal splint materials and manufacturing processes. 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This in vitro study did not involve human participants, human data, human tissues, or live animals.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1993"}}