{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T23:57:12Z","timestamp":1781049432545,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000665","name":"Florence Nightingale Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Palliat Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-019-0408-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T15:02:46Z","timestamp":1551279766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Healthcare professionals\u2019 views of palliative care for American war veterans with non-malignant respiratory disease living in a rural area: a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9691-6766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare","family":"Mc Veigh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"408_CR1","volume-title":"Global alliance against chronic respiratory disease action plan 2008\u20132013","author":"World Health Organisation (WHO)","year":"2008","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO). Global alliance against chronic respiratory disease action plan 2008\u20132013. Italy: WHO; 2008."},{"key":"408_CR2","volume-title":"Deaths from respiratory diseases: implications for end of life Care in England","author":"National End of Life Care Intelligence Network","year":"2011","unstructured":"National End of Life Care Intelligence Network. Deaths from respiratory diseases: implications for end of life Care in England. Bristol: National End of Life Care Intelligence Network; 2011."},{"key":"408_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200605-587ST","volume":"177","author":"PN Lanken","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lanken PN, Terry PB, DeLisser HM, et al. An official American Thoracic Society clinical policy statement: palliative care for patients with respiratory diseases and critical illnesses. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;177:912\u201327.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"408_CR4","unstructured":"United States Department of Veteran\u2019s Affairs. National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics. \n                    https:\/\/www.va.gov\/vetdata\/veteran_population.asp\n                    \n                  . Date last updated: 7 August 2018. Date last accessed: 14 October 2018."},{"key":"408_CR5","unstructured":"Walsh JW. Fighting for Air: Veterans face higher risk developing lung diseases. \n                    https:\/\/veteransenterprise.com\/fighting-for-air\/\n                    \n                  . Date last updated: August 30 2012. Date last accessed: March 1 2018."},{"key":"408_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909116683719","volume":"35","author":"EJ Dunn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dunn EJ, Markert R, Hayes K, et al. The influence of palliative care consultation on health-care resource utilization during the last 2 months of life: report from an integrated palliative care program and review of the literature. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. 2018;35:117\u201322.","journal-title":"American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine"},{"key":"408_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxu014","volume":"37","author":"HL Kelsall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kelsall HL, Wijesinghe MSD, Creamer MC, et al. Alcohol use and substance use disorders in gulf war, Afghanistan, and Iraq war veterans compared with nondeployed military personnel. Epidemiol Rev. 2015;37:38\u201354.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"408_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.186.6.459","volume":"186","author":"S Wessely","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wessely S. Risk, psychiatry and the military. Br J Psychiatry. 2005;186:459\u201366.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"408_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1001\/amajethics.2018.787","volume":"20","author":"T Shamas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shamas T, Gillespie-Heyman S. Specialized palliative and hospice care and the importance of mourning our Nation\u2019s veterans. AMA J Ethics. 2018;20(8):787\u201392.","journal-title":"AMA J Ethics"},{"key":"408_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.01.007","volume":"102","author":"D Goodridge","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goodridge D, Lawson J, Duggleby W, et al. Health care utilization of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer in the last 12 months of life. Respir Med. 2008;102:885\u201391.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"408_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972308100538","volume":"6","author":"MR Partridge","year":"2009","unstructured":"Partridge MR, Khatri A, Sutton L, et al. Palliative care services for those with chronic lung disease. Chronic Respiratory Disease. 2009;6:13\u20137.","journal-title":"Chronic Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"408_CR12","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"D Goodridge","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goodridge D, Lawson J, Rennie D, et al. Rural\/urban differences in health care utilization and place of death for persons with respiratory illness in the last year of life. Rural Remote Health. 2010;10:1\u201315.","journal-title":"Rural Remote Health"},{"key":"408_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13453","volume":"74","author":"C McVeigh","year":"2018","unstructured":"McVeigh C, Reid J, Larkin P, et al. The experience of palliative care service provision for people with non-malignant respiratory disease and their family carers: an all-Ireland qualitative study. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74:383\u201394.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"408_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"C McVeigh","year":"2017","unstructured":"McVeigh C, Reid J, Larkin P, et al. The provision of generalist and specialist palliative care for patients with non-malignant respiratory disease in the North and Republic of Ireland: a qualitative study. BMC Palliative Care. 2017;17:1\u201312.","journal-title":"BMC Palliative Care"},{"key":"408_CR15","unstructured":"US Department of Veterans Affairs. Veterans Health Administration. \n                    https:\/\/www.va.gov\/health\/\n                    \n                  . Date last updated: 8 October 2018. Date last accessed: 14 October 2018."},{"key":"408_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200113","volume":"122","author":"KM Nelson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nelson KM, Starkebaum GA, Reiber GE. Veterans using and uninsured veterans not using veterans affairs (VA) health care. Public Health Rep. 2007;122:93\u2013100.","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"408_CR17","unstructured":"Mayo-Smith MF. Access issues within VA offer challenges, research opportunities. \n                    https:\/\/www.hsrd.research.va.gov\/publications\/internal\/forum07_08.pdf\n                    \n                  . Date last updated: July 2008. Date last accessed: 14 October 2018."},{"key":"408_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909112444592","volume":"30","author":"S Lynch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lynch S. Hospice and palliative care access issues in rural areas. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. 2013;30:172\u20137.","journal-title":"American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine"},{"key":"408_CR19","unstructured":"US Department of Veterans Affairs. Boise VA Medical Centre. \n                    https:\/\/www.boise.va.gov\/about\/index.asp\n                    \n                  . Date last updated: 28 September 2018. Date last accessed: 14 October 2018."},{"key":"408_CR20","volume-title":"2010 Census Demographic Profile Summary File","author":"US Census Bureau","year":"2011","unstructured":"US Census Bureau. 2010 Census Demographic Profile Summary File. United States: US Census Bureau; 2011."},{"key":"408_CR21","volume-title":"Qualitative research: an introduction to methods and design","author":"SD Lapan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lapan SD, Quartaroli MT, Riemer FJ. Qualitative research: an introduction to methods and design. California: Wiley; 2011."},{"key":"408_CR22","volume-title":"Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare","author":"I Holloway","year":"2013","unstructured":"Holloway I, Wheeler S. Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. Wiley- Blackwell: United Kingdom; 2013."},{"key":"408_CR23","volume-title":"Successful qualitative research: a practical guide for beginners","author":"V Braun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Successful qualitative research: a practical guide for beginners. London: Sage; 2013."},{"key":"408_CR24","volume-title":"Interviews in qualitative research","author":"N King","year":"2010","unstructured":"King N, Horrocks C. Interviews in qualitative research. London: Sage Publications Ltd; 2010."},{"key":"408_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9780857020116","volume-title":"The SAGE dictionary of social research methods","author":"V Jupp","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jupp V. The SAGE dictionary of social research methods. London: SAGE Publications Ltd; 2006."},{"key":"408_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","volume":"19","author":"A Tong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 2007;19:349\u201357.","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"key":"408_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-1767(85)90062-8","volume-title":"Naturalistic inquiry","author":"Y Lincoln","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lincoln Y, Guba E. Naturalistic inquiry. Newberry Park: SAGE publications; 1985."},{"key":"408_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.0992","volume":"33","author":"J Kvedar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kvedar J, Coye MJ, Everett W. Connected health: a review of technologies and strategies to improve patient care with telemedicine and telehealth. Health Aff. 2014;33:194\u20139.","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"408_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.03944.x","volume":"21","author":"G Hynes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hynes G, Stokes A, Mc Carron M. Informal care-giving in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: lay knowledge and experience. J Clin Nurs. 2012;21:1068\u201377.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"408_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d142","volume":"342","author":"H Pinnock","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pinnock H, Kendall M, Murray SA, et al. Living and dying with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: multi- perspective longitudinal qualitative study. Br Med J. 2011;342:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"408_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-3085-5","volume":"30","author":"J Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones J, Nowels CT, Sudore R, et al. The future as a series of transitions: qualitative study of heart failure patients and their informal caregivers. J Gen Intern Med. 2015;30:176\u201382.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"408_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11091114","volume":"10","author":"JA Hussain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hussain JA, Flemming K, Murtagh FE, et al. Patient and health care professional decision-making to commence and withdraw from renal dialysis: a systematic review of qualitative research. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10:1201\u201315.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"408_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1112-6","volume":"18","author":"G Clarke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Clarke G, Fistein E, Holland A, et al. Planning for an uncertain future in progressive neurological disease: a qualitative study of patient and family decision-making with a focus on eating and drinking. BMC Neurol. 2018;18:115.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"408_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4104\/pcrj.2014.00004","volume":"23","author":"E Epiphaniou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Epiphaniou E, Shipman C, Harding R, et al. Coordination of end-of-life care for patients with lung cancer and those with advanced COPD: are there transferable lessons? A longitudinal qualitative study. Primary Care Respiratory Journal. 2014;23:46\u201351.","journal-title":"Primary Care Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"408_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61254-X","volume":"385","author":"DA Chokshi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chokshi DA, Sommers BD. Universal health coverage for US veterans: a goal within reach. Lancet. 2015;385:2320\u20131.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"408_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2008.0228","volume":"12","author":"CA Robinson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Robinson CA, Pesut B, Bottorff JL, et al. Rural palliative care: a comprehensive review. J Palliat Med. 2009;12:253\u20138.","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"408_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2010.07.004","volume":"40","author":"D Lupu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lupu D. Estimate of current hospice and palliative medicine physician workforce shortage. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2010;40:899\u2013911.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"408_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3109\/03009734.2013.801059","volume":"118","author":"S Strang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Strang S, Ekberg-Jansson A, Strang P, et al. Palliative care in COPD-web survey in Sweden highlights the current situation for a vulnerable group of patients. Ups J Med Sci. 2013;118:181\u20136.","journal-title":"Ups J Med Sci"},{"key":"408_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972312441379","volume":"9","author":"AL Reticker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reticker AL, Nici L, Zu Wallack R. Pulmonary rehabilitation and palliative care in COPD: two sides of the same coin? Chronic Respir Dis. 2012;9:107\u201316.","journal-title":"Chronic Respir Dis"},{"key":"408_CR40","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care (partial update), NICE. UK; 2010."},{"key":"408_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70226-7","volume":"2","author":"IJ Higginson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Higginson IJ, Bausewein C, Reilly CC, et al. An integrated palliative and respiratory care service for patients with advanced disease and refractory breathlessness: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2:979\u201387.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"408_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909114537110","volume":"32","author":"PR Menon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Menon PR, Stapleton RD, McVeigh U, et al. Telemedicine as a tool to provide family conferences and palliative care consultations in critically ill patients at rural health care institutions: a pilot study. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. 2014;32:448\u201353.","journal-title":"American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine"},{"key":"408_CR43","first-page":"1","volume":"0","author":"C White","year":"2015","unstructured":"White C, McIlfatrick S, Dunwoody L, et al. Supporting and improving community health services\u2014a prospective evaluation of ECHO technology in community palliative care nursing teams. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2015;0:1\u20137.","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"408_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2013.0302","volume":"20","author":"RJ Salgia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salgia RJ, Mullan PB, McCurdy H, et al. The educational impact of the specialty care access network\u2013extension of community healthcare outcomes program. Telemedicine and e-Health. 2014;20:1004\u20138.","journal-title":"Telemedicine and e-Health"},{"key":"408_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23802","volume":"52","author":"S Arora","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arora S, Kalishman S, Thornton K, et al. Expanding access to hepatitis C virus treatment\u2014extension for community healthcare outcomes (ECHO) project: disruptive innovation in specialty care. Hepatology. 2010;52:1124\u201333.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"408_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2012-000393","volume":"4","author":"J Boland","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boland J, Owen J, Ainscough R, et al. Developing a service for patients with very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) within resources. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2013;4:196\u2013201.","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"408_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1655","volume":"337","author":"P Craig","year":"2008","unstructured":"Craig P, Dieppe P, Macintyre S, et al. Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance. Br Med J. 2008;337:a1655.","journal-title":"Br Med J"}],"container-title":["BMC Palliative Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12904-019-0408-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12904-019-0408-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12904-019-0408-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T19:15:53Z","timestamp":1582744553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12904-019-0408-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12904-019-0408-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-684X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-684X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 April 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures were reviewed and approved by the VA Puget Sound Institutional Review Board (IRB) (AO\/ACOS\/R&D-531\/151). Verbal and written informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to commencement of the focus group. Informed consent was also an ongoing process throughout the focus groups.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"22"}}