{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T19:41:20Z","timestamp":1793907680061,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000204","name":"Vancouver Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOI18-0169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOI18-0169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000204","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000204","name":"Vancouver Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOI18-0169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOI18-0169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000204","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Health Research BC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RA-2021-2383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-2021-2383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Health Research BC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RA-2021-2383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-2021-2383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002784","name":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1390839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1390839"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Palliat Care"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-025-01668-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T23:19:17Z","timestamp":1738106357000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Work-related grief and bereavement experiences of social and community service workers working with people experiencing social disadvantage: a rapid scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kara","family":"Whitlock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Premji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Mollison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Posada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Arias-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Futcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelli I.","family":"Stajduhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1668_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216319880766","volume":"34","author":"LJ Breen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Breen LJ, Aoun SM, O\u2019Connor M, Johnson AR, Howting D. Effect of caregiving at end of life on grief, quality of life and general health: a prospective, longitudinal, comparative study. Palliat Med. 2020;34(1):145\u201354.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1668_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216315585952","volume":"29","author":"M Stroebe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stroebe M, Boerner K. Caregiving and bereavement research: bridges over the gap. Palliat Med. 2015;29(7):574\u20136.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1668_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951517000475","volume":"16","author":"E Kirby","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kirby E, Kenny K, Broom A, MacArtney J, Good P. The meaning and experience of bereavement support: a qualitative interview study of bereaved family caregivers. Palliat Support Care. 2018;16(4):396\u2013405.","journal-title":"Palliat Support Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"1668_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12630","volume":"53","author":"CY Kustanti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kustanti CY, Fang HF, Linda Kang X, Chiou JF, Wu SC, Yunitri N, et al. The effectiveness of bereavement support for adult family caregivers in palliative care: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2021;53(2):208\u201317.","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"issue":"2","key":"1668_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/02682621.2016.1218119","volume":"35","author":"M Rhinehart","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rhinehart M, Feeney J. A bereavement policy for bereavement workers. Bereave Care. 2016;35(2):52\u20135.","journal-title":"Bereave Care"},{"key":"1668_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112599","volume":"242","author":"K Bindley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bindley K, Lewis J, Travaglia J, DiGiacomo M. Disadvantaged and disenfranchised in bereavement: a scoping review of social and structural inequity following expected death. Soc Sci Med. 2019;242:112599.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"1668_CR7","first-page":"263235242211102","volume":"16","author":"L Hansford","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hansford L, Thomas F, Wyatt K. How does housing affect end-of-life care and bereavement in low-income communities? A qualitative study of the experiences of bereaved individuals and service providers in the United Kingdom. Palliat Care Soc Pract. 2022;16:263235242211102.","journal-title":"Palliat Care Soc Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"1668_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12253","volume":"24","author":"C Gardiner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gardiner C, Brereton L, Frey R, Wilkinson-Meyers L, Gott M. Approaches to capturing the financial cost of family care-giving within a palliative care context: a systematic review. Health Soc Care Community. 2016;24(5):519\u201331.","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"},{"issue":"1","key":"1668_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-017-0206-z","volume":"16","author":"A Ullrich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ullrich A, Ascherfeld L, Marx G, Bokemeyer C, Bergelt C, Oechsle K. Quality of life, psychological burden, needs, and satisfaction during specialized inpatient palliative care in family caregivers of advanced cancer patients. BMC Palliat Care. 2017;16(1):31.","journal-title":"BMC Palliat Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"1668_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951520000280","volume":"18","author":"KI Stajduhar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stajduhar KI, Giesbrecht M, Mollison A, d\u2019Archangelo M. Everybody in this community is at risk of dying: an ethnographic exploration on the potential of integrating a palliative approach to care among workers in inner-city settings. Palliat Support Care. 2020;18(6):670\u20135.","journal-title":"Palliat Support Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1668_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-019-0396-7","volume":"18","author":"KI Stajduhar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stajduhar KI, Mollison A, Giesbrecht M, McNeil R, Pauly B, Reimer-Kirkham S, et al. Just too busy living in the moment and surviving: barriers to accessing health care for structurally vulnerable populations at end-of-life. BMC Palliat Care. 2019;18(1):11.","journal-title":"BMC Palliat Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1668_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-42","volume":"14","author":"B Bonevski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bonevski B, Randell M, Paul C, Chapman K, Twyman L, Bryant J, et al. Reaching the hard-to-reach: a systematic review of strategies for improving health and medical research with socially disadvantaged groups. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14(1):42.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1668_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1177\/02692163221139727","volume":"37","author":"M Giesbrecht","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giesbrecht M, Mollison A, Whitlock K, Stajduhar KI. Once you open that door, it\u2019s a floodgate: exploring work-related grief among community service workers providing care for structurally vulnerable populations at the end of life through participatory action research. Palliat Med. 2023;37(4):558\u201366.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1668_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216317717101","volume":"32","author":"C Shulman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shulman C, Hudson BF, Low J, Hewett N, Daley J, Kennedy P, et al. End-of-life care for homeless people: a qualitative analysis exploring the challenges to access and provision of palliative care. Palliat Med. 2018;32(1):36\u201345.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1668_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-016-0168-6","volume":"15","author":"BF Hudson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hudson BF, Flemming K, Shulman C, Candy B. Challenges to access and provision of palliative care for people who are homeless: a systematic review of qualitative research. BMC Palliat Care. 2016;15(1):96.","journal-title":"BMC Palliat Care"},{"key":"1668_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.09.012","volume":"74","author":"G Kolla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kolla G, Strike C. It\u2019s too much, I\u2019m getting really tired of it\u2019: overdose response and structural vulnerabilities among harm reduction workers in community settings. Int J Drug Policy. 2019;74:127\u201335.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"1668_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.05.050","volume":"46","author":"L Beletsky","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beletsky L, Davis CS. Today\u2019s fentanyl crisis: prohibition\u2019s iron law, revisited. Int J Drug Policy. 2017;46:156\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"1668_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.006","volume":"193","author":"S Mayer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mayer S, Boyd J, Collins A, Kennedy MC, Fairbairn N, McNeil R. Characterizing fentanyl-related overdoses and implications for overdose response: findings from a rapid ethnographic study in Vancouver, Canada. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;193:69\u201374.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"1668_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.01.010","volume":"71","author":"D Ciccarone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ciccarone D. The triple wave epidemic: supply and demand drivers of the US opioid overdose crisis. Int J Drug Policy. 2019;71:183\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"1668_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.02.014","volume":"225","author":"MC Kennedy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kennedy MC, Boyd J, Mayer S, Collins A, Kerr T, McNeil R. Peer worker involvement in low-threshold supervised consumption facilities in the context of an overdose epidemic in Vancouver, Canada. Soc Sci Med. 2019;225:60\u20138.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1668_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15844","volume":"117","author":"G Kolla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kolla G, Touesnard N, Gomes T. Addressing the overdose crisis in North America with bold action. Addiction. 2022;117(5):1194\u20136.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"1668_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-020-00449-1","volume":"18","author":"Z Mamdani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mamdani Z, McKenzie S, Pauly B, Cameron F, Conway-Brown J, Edwards D, et al. Running myself ragged: stressors faced by peer workers in overdose response settings. Harm Reduct J. 2021;18(1):18.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"1668_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102796","volume":"85","author":"EL Winstanley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Winstanley EL. The bell tolls for thee & thine: compassion fatigue & the overdose epidemic. Int J Drug Policy. 2020;85:102796.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"1668_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.10.007","volume":"130","author":"C Garritty","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garritty C, Gartlehner G, Nussbaumer-Streit B, King VJ, Hamel C, Kamel C, et al. Cochrane rapid reviews methods group offers evidence-informed guidance to conduct rapid reviews. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021;130:13\u201322.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1668_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aromataris E, Lockwood C, Porritt K, Pilla B, Jordan Z, editors. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI; 2024 [cited 2024 Jun 24]. Available from: https:\/\/jbi-global-wiki.refined.site\/space\/MANUAL","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIMES-24-01"},{"key":"1668_CR26","unstructured":"Government of Canada SC. Introduction to the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 Version 1.0. 2021 [cited 2024 Jun 27]. Available from: https:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/en\/subjects\/standard\/noc\/2021\/introductionV1"},{"key":"1668_CR27","unstructured":"Government of Canada SC. NOC 2021 Version 1.0\u201342201 - Social and community service workers. 2021 [cited 2024 Jun 27]. Available from: https:\/\/www23.statcan.gc.ca\/imdb\/p3VD.pl?Function=getVD&TVD=1322554&CVD=1322870&CPV=42201&CST=01052021&CLV=5&MLV=5#reference"},{"key":"1668_CR28","unstructured":"Covidence systematic review software. Melbourne, Australia: Veritas Health Innovation; [cited 2024 Jun 24]. Available from: https:\/\/www.covidence.org\/"},{"key":"1668_CR29","unstructured":"Pope C, Mays N, Popay J. Synthesizing qualitative and quantitative health evidence: a guide to methods. McGraw-Hill Education; 2007. p. 222."},{"issue":"3","key":"1668_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/15332985.2016.1220442","volume":"15","author":"H Kanno","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kanno H, Giddings MM. Hidden trauma victims: understanding and preventing traumatic stress in mental health professionals. Soc Work Ment Health. 2017;15(3):331\u201353.","journal-title":"Soc Work Ment Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1668_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1177\/0030222818762969","volume":"81","author":"M Tobin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tobin M, Lambert S, McCarthy J, Grief. Tragic death, and multiple loss in the lives of Irish Traveller Community Health Workers. OMEGA - J Death Dying. 2020;81(1):130\u201354.","journal-title":"OMEGA - J Death Dying"},{"issue":"10","key":"1668_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2011.553328","volume":"35","author":"R Lakeman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lakeman R. How homeless sector workers deal with the death of service users: a grounded theory study. Death Stud. 2011;35(10):925\u201348.","journal-title":"Death Stud"},{"issue":"5","key":"1668_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12053","volume":"32","author":"AM Roche","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roche AM, Duraisingam V, Trifonoff A, Battams S, Freeman T, Tovell A, et al. Sharing stories: indigenous alcohol and other drug workers\u2019 well-being, stress and burnout. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2013;32(5):527\u201335.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1668_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12561","volume":"69","author":"U Dutta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dutta U, Azad AK, Mullah M, Hussain KS, Parveez W. From rhetorical inclusion toward decolonial futures: building communities of resistance against structural violence. Am J Community Psychol. 2022;69(3\u20134):355\u201368.","journal-title":"Am J Community Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1668_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1108\/MHSI-01-2016-0001","volume":"20","author":"E Watson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Watson E. A day in the life of a peer support worker: endings. Ment Health Soc Incl. 2016;20(1):17\u201321.","journal-title":"Ment Health Soc Incl"},{"key":"1668_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1037\/14498-011","volume-title":"Handbook of bereavement research and practice: advances in theory and intervention","author":"KJ Doka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Doka KJ. Disenfranchised grief in historical and cultural perspective. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, H. Schut, & W. Stroebe (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research and practice: Advances in theory and intervention (pp. 223\u2013240). American Psychological Association. 2008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/14498-011."},{"issue":"3","key":"1668_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2018.10.013","volume":"102","author":"LJ Brighton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brighton LJ, Selman LE, Bristowe K, Edwards B, Koffman J, Evans CJ. Emotional labour in palliative and end-of-life care communication: a qualitative study with generalist palliative care providers. Patient Educ Couns. 2019;102(3):494\u2013502.","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"issue":"2","key":"1668_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2008.08.003","volume":"29","author":"B Gray","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gray B. The emotional labour of nursing \u2013 defining and managing emotions in nursing work. Nurse Educ Today. 2009;29(2):168\u201375.","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"issue":"4","key":"1668_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1007\/s12103-020-09548-y","volume":"45","author":"J Stogner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stogner J, Miller BL, McLean K. Police stress, mental health, and resiliency during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Crim Justice. 2020;45(4):718\u201330.","journal-title":"Am J Crim Justice"},{"issue":"9","key":"1668_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1539-5","volume":"53","author":"K Petrie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petrie K, Milligan-Saville J, Gayed A, Deady M, Phelps A, Dell L, et al. Prevalence of PTSD and common mental disorders amongst ambulance personnel: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2018;53(9):897\u2013909.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1668_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-12-39","volume":"12","author":"SA Jahnke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jahnke SA, Poston WC, Haddock CK, Jitnarin N, Hyder ML, Horvath C. The health of women in the US fire service. BMC Womens Health. 2012;12(1):39.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Palliative Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12904-025-01668-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12904-025-01668-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12904-025-01668-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T23:19:24Z","timestamp":1738106364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12904-025-01668-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12904-025-01668-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4915820\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1472-684X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-684X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"25"}}