{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:31:44Z","timestamp":1775842304533,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Arba Minch University","award":["GOV\/AMU\/TH5.4\/CMHS\/MW\/05\/06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GOV\/AMU\/TH5.4\/CMHS\/MW\/05\/06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0537-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T19:07:22Z","timestamp":1519672042000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The relationship between under-five child death and maternal mental distress in Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a community based comparative cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Girma Temam","family":"Shifa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Ali","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alemayehu Worku","family":"Yalew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"537_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7443.820","volume":"328","author":"V Patel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Patel V, Rahman A, Jacob KS, Hughes M. Effect of maternal mental health on infant growth in low income countries: new evidence from South Asia. BMJ. 2004;328:820\u20133.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"537_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2004.00382.x","volume":"30","author":"A Rahman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rahman A, Lovel H, Bunn J, Iqbal Z, Harrington R. Mothers mental health & infant growth: a case-control study from Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Child Care Health Dev. 2003;30:21\u20137.","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"537_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.135459","volume":"94","author":"S King-Hele","year":"2009","unstructured":"King-Hele S, Webb RT, Mortensen PB, Appleby L, Pickles A, Abel KM. Risk of stillbirth and neonatal death linked with maternal mental illness: a national cohort study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2009;94(2):105\u201310.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"369","key":"537_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60076-2","volume":"13","author":"SP Walker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walker SP, Wachs TD, Gardner JM, Lozoff B, Wasserman GA, et al. Child development: risk factors for adverse outcomes in developing countries. Lancet. 2007;13(369):145\u201357.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"537_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.5.412","volume":"182","author":"PJ Cooper","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. Brit J Psychiat. 2003;182:412\u20139.","journal-title":"Brit J Psychiat"},{"key":"537_CR6","unstructured":"World Health organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse. Improving Maternal Mental Health. Geneva. 2008. URL: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mental_health\/prevention\/suicide\/Perinatal_depression_mmh_final.pdf . Accessed 20 July 2015."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"537_CR7","first-page":"29","volume":"55","author":"S Zisook","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zisook S, Shuchter SR, Sledge PA, Paulus MP, Judd LL. The spectrum of depressive phenomena after spousal bereavement. J Clin Psyehiat. 1994;55(Suppl):29\u201336.","journal-title":"J Clin Psyehiat"},{"issue":"3","key":"537_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02082.x","volume":"44","author":"W Stroebe","year":"1988","unstructured":"Stroebe W, Stroebe MS, Domittner G. Individual and situational differences in recovery from bereavement: a risk group identified. J Soc Iss. 1988;44(3):143\u201358.","journal-title":"J Soc Iss"},{"key":"537_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li J, Laursen TM, Precht DH, Olsen J, Mortensen PB. Hospitalization for mental illness among parents after the death of a child. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1190\u20131196. URL: http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1056\/NEJMoa033160 . Accessed 15 July 2015.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa033160"},{"key":"537_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1991.tb142283.x","volume":"155","author":"JC Vance","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vance JC, Foster WJ, Najman JM, Embelton G, Thearle MJ, Hodgen FM. Early parental responses to sudden infant death, stillbirth or neonatal death. Med J Aust. 1991;155:292\u20137.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"8","key":"537_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(96)00039-1","volume":"43","author":"FM Boyle","year":"1996","unstructured":"Boyle FM, Vance JC, Najman JM, Thearle MJ. The mental health impact of stillbirth, neonatal death or sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS): prevalence and patterns of distress among mothers. Soc Sci Med. 1996;43(8):1273\u201382.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"537_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2010.187","volume":"164","author":"KL Meert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Meert KL, Donaldson AE, Newth CJ, Harrison R, Berger J, Zimmerman J, Anand KJ, Carcillo J, Dean JM, Willson DF, et al. Complicated grief and associated risk factors among parents following a child's death in the pediatric intensive care unit. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine. 2010;164(11):1045\u201351.","journal-title":"Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"537_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2010.0291","volume":"14","author":"KL Meert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meert KL, Shear K, Newth CJ, Harrison R, Berger J, Zimmerman J, Anand KJ, Carcillo J, Donaldson AE, Dean JM, et al. Follow-up study of complicated grief among parents eighteen months after a child's death in the pediatric intensive care unit. J Palliat Med. 2011;14(2):207\u201314.","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"537_CR14","unstructured":"Rogers CH: The Effect of the Death of a Child on Midlife Mental and Physical Health: An Exploration of Risk and Resilience Factors\". Psychology Dissertations. Paper 8. Georgia State University. URL: http:\/\/scholarworks.gsu.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=psych_diss . Accessed 10 Aug 2015, 2005."},{"key":"537_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6353.1475","volume":"285","author":"GC Forrest","year":"1982","unstructured":"Forrest GC, Standish E, Baum JD. Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement. BMJ. 1982;285:1475\u20139.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"537_CR16","first-page":"9","volume":"15","author":"MR Salleh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Salleh MR. Life event, stress and illness. Malays J Med Sci. 2008;15(4):9\u201318.","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"537_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.8.998","volume":"139","author":"MLS Vachon","year":"1982","unstructured":"Vachon MLS, Rogers J, Lyall WAL, Lancee WJ, Sheldon AR, Freeman SJJ. Predictors and correlates of adaptation to conjugal bereavement. Am J Psychiatr. 1982;139(8):998\u20131002.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"537_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.101.2.141","volume":"101","author":"E Lindemann","year":"1944","unstructured":"Lindemann E. Symptomatology and management of acute grief. Am J Psychiatr. 1944;101(2):141\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatr"},{"key":"537_CR19","unstructured":"World Health Organisation-Regional Office for Europe. Impact of economic crises on mental health. Copenhagen, Denmark. 2007. URL: http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0008\/134999\/e94837.pdf . Accessed 25 May 2015."},{"key":"537_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/07481180126147","volume":"25","author":"I Wheeler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wheeler I. Parental bereavement: the crisis of meaning. Death Studies. 2001;25:51\u201361.","journal-title":"Death Studies"},{"key":"537_CR21","unstructured":"UNFPA\/WHO. Maternal mental health and child health and development in resource-constrained settings: Report of a UNFPA\/WHO international expert meeting: the interface between reproductive health and mental health, Hanoi, June 21\u201323, 2007. URL: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/70118\/1\/WHO_RHR_09.24_eng.pdf . Accessed 12 July 2015."},{"issue":"1","key":"537_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0568-z","volume":"16","author":"GT Shifa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shifa GT, Ahmed AA, Yalew AW. Early days of life are crucial for child survival in Gamo Gofa zone, southern Ethiopia: a community based study. BMC Pediatr. 2016;16(1):30.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"537_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.9745\/GHSP-D-14-00119","volume":"2","author":"JN Baumgartner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baumgartner JN, Parcesepe A, Mekuria YG, Abitew DB, Gebeyehu W, Okello F, Shattuck D. Maternal mental health in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey. Global health, science and practice. 2014;2(4):482\u20136.","journal-title":"Global health, science and practice"},{"key":"537_CR24","unstructured":"Beusenberg M, Orley J. World Health Organisation; A user's guide to the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ). 1994, Geneva. URL: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/61113\/1\/WHO_MNH_PSF_94.8.pdf . Accessed 10 Jan 2014."},{"key":"537_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10694.x","volume":"397","author":"A Alem","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alem A, Kebede D, Woldesemiat G, Jacobsson L, Kullgren G. The prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of mental distress in Butajira, Ethiopia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1999;397:48\u201355.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"537_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.11.028","volume":"136","author":"V Senturk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Senturk V, Hanlon C, Medhin G, Dewey M, Araya M, Alem A, Prince M, Stewart R. Impact of perinatal somatic and common mental disorder symptoms on functioning in Ethiopian women: the P-MaMiE population-based cohort study. J Affect Disord. 2012;136(3):340\u20139.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"537_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v21i1.69042","volume":"21","author":"T Damena","year":"2011","unstructured":"Damena T, Mossie A, Tesfaye M. Khat chewing and mental distress: a community based study, in Jimma City, southwestern Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2011;21(1):37\u201345.","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"key":"537_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901208010126","volume":"8","author":"B Gelaye","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gelaye B, Lemma S, Deyassa N, Bahretibeb Y, Tesfaye M, Berhane Y, Williams MA. Prevalence and correlates of mental distress among working adults in Ethiopia. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2012;8:126\u201333.","journal-title":"Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health"},{"key":"537_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.023","volume":"108","author":"C Hanlon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hanlon C, Medhin G, Alem A, Araya M, Abdulahi A, Hughes M, Tesfaye M, Wondimagegn D, Patel V, Prince M. Detecting perinatal common mental disorders in Ethiopia: validation of the self-reporting questionnaire and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. J Affect Disord. 2008;108:251\u201362.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"537_CR30","unstructured":"Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton, Maryland, USA: Central Statistics Agency and ORC Macro 2011. 2011. https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/fr255\/fr255.pdf . Accessed 15 Jan 2014."},{"key":"537_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.183327","volume":"96","author":"J Ross","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ross J, Hanlon C, Medhin G, Alem A, Tesfaye F, Worku B, Dewey M, Patel V, Prince M. Perinatal mental distress and infant morbidity in Ethiopia: a cohort study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2011;96:59\u201364.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"537_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-10-32","volume":"10","author":"G Medhin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Medhin G, Hanlon C, Dewey M, Alem A, Tesfaye F, Lakew Z, Worku B, Aray M, Abdulahi A, Tomlinson M, et al. The effect of maternal common mental disorders on infant undernutrition in Butajira, Ethiopia: the P-MaMiE study. BMC Psychiatry. 2010;10:32.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"537_CR33","first-page":"145","volume":"30","author":"KO Kwakye","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kwakye KO, Otupiri E, Dabo EO, Browne ENL, Adjuik M. Determinants of under-five mortality in Builsa District, upper east region, Ghana. J Sci Technol. 2010;30(1):145\u201353.","journal-title":"J Sci Technol"},{"issue":"8","key":"537_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e006722","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006722","volume":"5","author":"T Abir","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abir T, Agho KE, Page AN, Milton AH, Dibley MJ. Risk factors for under-5 mortality: evidence from Bangladesh demographic and health survey, 2004-2011. BMJ Open. 2015;5(8):e006722.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"537_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/09709274.2012.11906448","volume":"37","author":"KA Kyei","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kyei KA. Determinants of childhood mortality in South Africa: using categorical data modeling. J Hum Ecol. 2012;37(1):47\u201356.","journal-title":"J Hum Ecol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"537_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.11.010","volume":"116","author":"JI Pollock","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pollock JI, Manaseki-Holland S, Patel V. Depression in Mongolian women over the first 2 months after childbirth: prevalence and risk factors. J Affect Disord. 2009;116(1\u20132):126\u201333.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"537_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.181.6.499","volume":"181","author":"M Chandran","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chandran M, Tharyan P, Muliyil J, Abraham S. Post-partum depression in a cohort of women from a rural area of Tamil Nadu, India. Incidence and risk factors. Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci. 2002;181:499\u2013504.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci"},{"key":"537_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.022558","volume":"189","author":"V Patel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Patel V, Kirkwood BR, Pednekar S, Weiss H, Mabey D. Risk factors for common mental disorders in women. Population-based longitudinal study. Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci. 2006;189:547\u201355.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"537_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.05.001","volume":"58","author":"DL Evans","year":"2005","unstructured":"Evans DL, Charney DS, Lewis L, Golden RN, Gorman JM, Krishnan KR, Nemeroff CB, Bremner JD, Carney RM, Coyne JC, et al. Mood disorders in the medically ill: scientific review and recommendations. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;58(3):175\u201389.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-018-0537-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T18:13:28Z","timestamp":1570817608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12905-018-0537-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-018-0537-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6874","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 February 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 February 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study obtained ethical clearance and approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the College of Health Sciences at Addis Ababa University. Letters were written to the Gamo Gofa Zone Health Department, Woreda Health Offices of Arba Minch Zuria and Arba Minch Town and to administrator of each kebele and we secured permissions at all levels. After explaining about the purpose of the study, confidentiality of the data and voluntariness of participation, verbal informed consent was obtained from each respondent. In case of minors (under 16), verbal consent was also obtained from their legal guardians (parents\/partners). A trained interviewer sat down with each respondent\/guardian who was willing and available to participate and went over the consent form in a private space. The interviewer answered any questions the respondent might have and secured his\/her consent. We sought and secured a waiver of written consent from the IRB, since this might be the only form of identifier. The main risk to participants might be breach of confidentiality. We assured the confidentiality of the information through anonymous interviews and securing the collected data in a locked cabinet. Besides, we only reported aggregated data so that no information could be linked to individuals.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"44"}}