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The study was approved by the respective ethical committees of Burkina Faso (Comit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9thique pour la recherche en sant\u00e9 - Minist\u00e8re de la sant\u00e9 & Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur, de la recherche scientifique et de l\u2019innovation; reference number: 2016\u201302-019) and of the DRC (Comit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9thique - Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur et universitaire, Universit\u00e9 de Kinshasa, Ecole de sant\u00e9 publique; reference number: ESP\/CE\/039b\/2016). Adult participants gave their written informed consent. Non-adult participants gave their written informed assent and their respective parents or guardians gave written informed consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"122"}}