{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T10:57:33Z","timestamp":1740135453586,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602460800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"USAID","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AID-OAA-A-13-00087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID-OAA-A-13-00087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Growing evidence shows that social accountability contributes to improving health care services, with much promise for addressing women\u2019s barriers in contraceptive care. Yet little is known about how social accountability works in the often-complex context of sexual and reproductive health, particularly as sex and reproduction can be sensitive topics in the open and public formats typical of social accountability. This paper explores how social accountability operates in the highly gendered and complex context of contraceptive care.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This exploratory research uses a case study approach to provide a more grounded understanding of how social accountability processes operate in the context of contraceptive information and services. We observed two social accountability projects that predominantly focused on contraceptive care in Uganda over a year. Five instruments were used to capture information from different source materials and multiple respondents. In total, one hundred and twenty-eight interviews were conducted and over 1000 pages of project documents were collected. Data were analyzed and compiled into four case studies that provide a thick description of how these two projects operated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The case studies show the critical role of information, dialogue and negotiation in social accountability in the context of contraceptive care. Improved community and health system relationships, community empowerment, provider and health system responsiveness and enhanced availability and access to services were reported in both projects. There were also changes in how different actors related to themselves and to each other, and contraceptive care, a previously taboo topic, became a legitimate area for public dialogue.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study found that while social accountability in the context of contraceptive services is indeed sensitive, it can be a powerful tool to dissolving resistance to family planning and facilitating a more productive discourse on the topic.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-020-01072-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T11:02:44Z","timestamp":1602500564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Implementing social accountability for contraceptive services: lessons from Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5051-9167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Boydell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nanono","family":"Nulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Hardee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Gay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1072_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.05.002","volume":"107","author":"AP Alio","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alio AP, Daley EM, Nana PN, Duan J, Salihu HM. Intimate partner violence and contraception use among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2009;107(1):35\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"1072_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-015-0026-7","volume":"12","author":"L Atuyambe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Atuyambe L, Kibira SPS, Bukenya J, Muhumuza C, Apolot RR, Mulogo E. Understanding sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents: evidence from a formative evaluation in Wakiso district, Uganda. Reproductive Health. 2015;12:35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12978-015-0026-7.","journal-title":"Reproductive Health."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Atuyambe L, Mirembe F, Tumwesigye NM, et al. Adolescent and adult first time mothers' health seeking practices during pregnancy and early motherhood in Wakiso district, central Uganda. Reprod Health. 2008;5(13). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-4755-5-13.","key":"1072_CR3","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-5-13"},{"issue":"4","key":"1072_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.2307\/172249","volume":"29","author":"AE Biddlecom","year":"1998","unstructured":"Biddlecom AE, Fapohunda BM. Covert contraceptive use: prevalence, motivations, and consequences. Stud Fam Plan. 1998;29(4):360\u201372.","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plan"},{"issue":"2","key":"1072_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1162\/qjec.2009.124.2.735","volume":"124","author":"M Bj\u00f6rkman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rkman M, Svensson J. Power to the people: evidence from a randomized field experiment on community-based monitoring in Uganda. Q J Econ. 2009;124(2):735\u201369.","journal-title":"Q J Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1072_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2016.10.004","volume":"135","author":"C Blake","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blake C, Annorbah-Sarpei NA, Bailey C, Ismaila Y, Deganus S, Bosomprah S, Gall F, Clark S. Scorecards and social accountability for improved maternal and newborn health services: a pilot in the Ashanti and Volta regions of Ghana. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2016;135(3):372\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"1072_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2001.00189.x","volume":"32","author":"AK Blanc","year":"2001","unstructured":"Blanc AK. The effect of power in sexual relationships on sexual and reproductive health: an examination of the evidence. Stud Fam Plan. 2001;32:189\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2001.00189.x.","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plan"},{"issue":"4","key":"1072_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.2307\/2137804","volume":"22","author":"J Bongaarts","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bongaarts J, Watkins SC. Social interactions and contemporary fertility transitions. Popul Dev Rev. 1996;22(4):639\u201382.","journal-title":"Popul Dev Rev"},{"key":"1072_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31899\/rh10.1005","volume-title":"Social accountability: what are the lessons for improving family planning and reproductive health programs? A review of the literature","author":"V Boydell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boydell V, Keesbury J. Social accountability: what are the lessons for improving family planning and reproductive health programs? A review of the literature. Washington, DC: Population Council; 2014."},{"issue":"2","key":"1072_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/26410397.2019.1622357","volume":"27","author":"V Boydell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boydell V, Schaaf M, George AS, Brinkerhoff DW, Van Belle S, Khosla R. Building a transformative agenda for accountability in SRHR: lessons learned from SRHR and accountability literatures. Sexual Reproductive Health Matters. 2019;27(2):64\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/26410397.2019.1622357.","journal-title":"Sexual Reproductive Health Matters"},{"key":"1072_CR11","volume-title":"Contraceptive discontinuation: reasons, challenges and solutions","author":"S Castle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Castle S, Askew I. Contraceptive discontinuation: reasons, challenges and solutions. Washington DC: FP2020 report; 2015."},{"key":"1072_CR12","volume-title":"The effect of reproductive health communication interventions on age at marriage and first birth in rural Bihar, India: a retrospective study","author":"EE Daniel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Daniel EE, Nanda R. The effect of reproductive health communication interventions on age at marriage and first birth in rural Bihar, India: a retrospective study. Watertown: Pathfinder International; 2014."},{"key":"1072_CR13","volume-title":"Empowering married young women and improving their sexual and reproductive health: effects of the first-time parents project","author":"A Das","year":"2008","unstructured":"Das A, Lakhani A, Ram F, Sinha RK, Mohanty SK. Empowering married young women and improving their sexual and reproductive health: effects of the first-time parents project. New Delhi: Population Council; 2008."},{"key":"1072_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-698X-11-S3-S4","volume":"11","author":"J Dasgupta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dasgupta J. Ten years of negotiating rights around maternal health in Uttar Pradesh. India BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2011;11:S4.","journal-title":"India BMC Int Health Hum Rights"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dias JG, de Oliveira IT. Multilevel Effects of Wealth on Women's Contraceptive Use in Mozambique. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(3):e0121758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0121758.","key":"1072_CR15","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121758"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fox, Jonathan A. Social Accountability: What Does the Evidence Really Say?, World Development. 2015;72:346\u201361.","key":"1072_CR16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2015.03.011"},{"key":"1072_CR17","volume-title":"Momentum at the Midpoint 2015\u20132016. Annual Report","author":"FP2020","year":"2016","unstructured":"FP2020. Momentum at the Midpoint 2015\u20132016. Annual Report. Washington DC: FP2020; 2016."},{"key":"1072_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/dpr.12017","volume":"31","author":"J Gaventa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gaventa J, McGee R. The impact of transparency and accountability initiatives. Development Policy Review. 2012;31:3\u201328.","journal-title":"Development Policy Review"},{"issue":"9","key":"1072_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.08.002","volume":"71","author":"K Gayen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gayen K, Raeside R. Social networks and contraception practice of women in rural Bangladesh. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71(9):1584\u201392.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"George AS, Mehra V, Scott K, Sriram V. Community Participation in Health Systems Research: A Systematic Review Assessing the State of Research, the Nature of Interventions Involved and the Features of Engagement with Communities. PLOS ONE. 2015;10(10):e0141091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0141091.","key":"1072_CR20","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141091"},{"issue":"21","key":"1072_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(03)02164-5","volume":"11","author":"AS George","year":"2003","unstructured":"George AS. Using accountability to improve reproductive healthcare. Reproductive Health Matters. 2003;11(21):161\u201370.","journal-title":"Reproductive Health Matters"},{"issue":"2","key":"1072_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171316","volume":"12","author":"S Gullo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gullo S, Galavotti C, Sebert Kuhlmann A, Msiska T, Hastings P, Marti CN. Effects of a social accountability approach, CARE\u2019s community score card, on reproductive health-related outcomes in Malawi: a cluster-randomized controlled evaluation. PLoSONE. 2017;12(2):e0171316.","journal-title":"PLoSONE."},{"key":"1072_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3453-7","volume":"18","author":"M Hamal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamal M, de Cock BT, De Brouwere V, Bardaj\u00ed A, Dieleman M. How does social accountability contribute to better maternal health outcomes? A qualitative study on perceived changes with government and civil society actors in Gujarat, Indi. BMC Health Services Research. 2018;18:653 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3453-7.","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris S, Reicenbach L, Hardee K. Measuring and monitoring quality of care in family planning: are we ignoring negative experiences? Open Access J Contraception. 2016; 97 (1)..","key":"1072_CR24","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJC.S101281"},{"key":"1072_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2016.09.008","volume":"135","author":"A Hilber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hilber A, Martin H, Blake H, Bohle L, Bandali S, Hulton L. Strengthening accountability for improved maternal and newborn health: a mapping of studies in sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2016;135:345\u201357.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"5","key":"1072_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-5436.12101","volume":"45","author":"A Joshi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Joshi A. Reading the local context: a causal chain approach to social accountability. IDS Bull. 2014;45(5):23\u201335.","journal-title":"IDS Bull"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kibira SPS, Muhumuza C, Bukenya JN, Atuyambe LM. \u201cI Spent a Full Month Bleeding, I Thought I Was Going to Die\u2026\u201d A Qualitative Study of Experiences of Women Using Modern Contraception in Wakiso District, Uganda. PLoS ONE. 2015; 10(11): e0141998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0141998.","key":"1072_CR27","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141998"},{"issue":"11","key":"1072_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30386-3","volume":"6","author":"M Kruk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kruk M, Gage AD, Aresnault C, Jordan K, Leslie HL, Roder-DeWan S, Adeyi O, Barker P, Daelmans B, Doubova S, et al. High-quality health systems in the sustainable development goals era: time for a revolution. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(11):1196\u2013e1252.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lodenstein E, Dieleman M, Gerretsen B, Broerse JE. A realist synthesis of the effect of social accountability interventions on health service providers\u2019 and policymakers\u2019 responsiveness. Systematic Reviews. 2013; 2(1)..","key":"1072_CR29","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-2-98"},{"key":"1072_CR30","volume-title":"Uganda National Policy Guidelines and service standards for sexual and reproductive health","author":"Ministry of Health, Uganda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Uganda. Uganda National Policy Guidelines and service standards for sexual and reproductive health. Kampala: Ministry of Health, Uganda; 2006."},{"key":"1072_CR31","volume-title":"Uganda family planning Costed implementation plan, 2015\u20132020","author":"Ministry of Health, Uganda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Uganda. Uganda family planning Costed implementation plan, 2015\u20132020. Kampala: Ministry of Health, Uganda; 2014."},{"issue":"4","key":"1072_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000486","volume":"2","author":"T Mirzoev","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mirzoev T, Kane S. What is health systems responsiveness? Review of existing knowledge and proposed conceptual framework. BMJ Glob Health. 2017;2(4):1\u201311.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"1072_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2307\/2808010","volume":"22","author":"M Montgomery","year":"1996","unstructured":"Montgomery M, Casterline J. Social learning, social influence, and new models of fertility. Popul Dev Rev. 1996;22:151\u201375.","journal-title":"Popul Dev Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"1072_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czx011","volume":"32","author":"R Morgan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morgan R, Tetui M, Kananura RM, Ekirapa-Kiracho E, George AS. Gender dynamics affecting maternal health and health care access and use in Uganda. Health Policy Plan. 2017;32(5):13\u201321.","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"1072_CR35","first-page":"37","volume":"34","author":"JF Mugisha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mugisha JF, Reynolds H. Provider perspectives on barriers to family planning quality in Uganda: a qualitative study. BMJ Sexual Reproductive Health. 2008;34:37\u201341.","journal-title":"BMJ Sexual Reproductive Health"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nalwadda G, Mirembe F, Byamugisha J, et al. Persistent high fertility in Uganda: young people recount obstacles and enabling factors to use of contraceptives. BMC Public Health. 2010;10(530). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-10-530.","key":"1072_CR36","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-530"},{"key":"1072_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-11-220","volume":"11","author":"G Nalwadda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nalwadda G, Mirembe F, Tumwesigye NM, Byamugisha J, Faxelid E. Constraints and prospects for contraceptive service provision to young people in Uganda: providers' perspectives. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011a;11:220.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"1072_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027908","volume":"6","author":"G Nalwadda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nalwadda G, Tumwesigye NM, Faxelid E, Byamugisha J, Mirembe F. Quality of Care in Contraceptive Services Provided to young people in two Ugandan districts: a simulated patient study. PLoS One. 2011b;6(11):e27908.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"1072_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198106296769","volume":"35","author":"HJ Paek","year":"2008","unstructured":"Paek HJ, Lee B, Salmon CT, Witte K. The contextual effects of gender norms, communication, and social capital on family planning behaviors in Uganda: a multilevel approach. Health Educ Behaviour. 2008;35(4):461\u201377.","journal-title":"Health Educ Behaviour"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandey S. Para-teacher scheme and quality education for all in India: policy perspectives and challenges for school effectiveness, J Educ Teaching. 2006; 32:3, 319\u2013334.","key":"1072_CR40","DOI":"10.1080\/02607470600782468"},{"key":"1072_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2012.748085","volume":"8","author":"SA Papp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Papp SA, Gogoi A, Campbell C. Improving maternal health through social accountability: a case study from Orissa. India Glob Public Health. 2013;8:449\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17441692.2012.748085.","journal-title":"India Glob Public Health"},{"issue":"39","key":"1072_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(12)39617-1","volume":"20","author":"S Ray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ray S, Madzimbamuto F, Fonnc S. Activism: working to reduce maternal mortality through civil society and health professional alliances in sub-Saharan Africa. Reproductive Health Matters. 2012;20(39):40\u20139.","journal-title":"Reproductive Health Matters"},{"issue":"6","key":"1072_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czx024","volume":"32","author":"M Schaaf","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schaaf M, Topp SM, Ngulube M. From favours to entitlements: community voice and action and health service quality in Zambia. Health Policy Plan. 2017;32(6):847\u201359 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/heapol\/czx024.","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scott K, George AS, Harvey SA, Mondal S, Patel G, Gilson L, Sheikh K. Negotiating power relations, gender equality, and collective agency: Are village health committees\u2019 transformative social spaces in northern India? Int J Equity Health. 2017a; 16(1). DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12939-017-0580-4.","key":"1072_CR44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-017-0580-4"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scott K, George AS, Harvey SA, et al. Government helper and citizen advocate? A case study of the multiple roles and pressures facing a nongovernmental organization contracted by government to strengthen community health in northern India. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2018;33(2):391-404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hpm.2473.","key":"1072_CR45","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.2473"},{"key":"1072_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/dpr.12209","volume":"35","author":"AK Sebert Kuhlmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sebert Kuhlmann AK, Gullo S, Galavotti C, Grant C, Cavatore M, Posnock S. Women's and health workers\u2019 Voices in open, inclusive communities and effective spaces (VOICES): measuring governance outcomes in reproductive and maternal health Programmes. Dev Policy Rev. 2017;35:289\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dpr.12209.","journal-title":"Dev Policy Rev"},{"key":"1072_CR47","volume-title":"Unmet need for contraception in developing countries: examining women\u2019s reasons for not using a method","author":"G Sedgh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sedgh G, Ashford L, Hussain R. Unmet need for contraception in developing countries: examining women\u2019s reasons for not using a method. New York: Guttmacher Institute; 2016."},{"issue":"9","key":"1072_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001723","volume":"11","author":"JG Silverman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Silverman JG, Raj A. Intimate partner violence and reproductive coercion: global barriers to women\u2019s reproductive control. PLoS Med. 2014;11(9):e1001723.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1072_CR49","first-page":"9","volume":"5","author":"S Tamale","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tamale S. Eroticism, sensuality and \u201cwomen's secrets\u201d among the Baganda: a critical analysis. Feminist Africa. 2006;5:9\u201336.","journal-title":"Feminist Africa"},{"unstructured":"Tavrow P. Promote or discourage: How providers can influence service use. In: Social determinants of sexual and reproductive health: Informing future research and programme implementation, edited by Shawn Malarcher. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization [WHO]. 2010;5\u201336.","key":"1072_CR50"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thomas G. A Typology for the Case Study in Social Science Following a Review of Definition, Discourse, and Structure. Qualitative Inquiry. 2011;17(6):511\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077800411409884.","key":"1072_CR51","DOI":"10.1177\/1077800411409884"},{"issue":"2","key":"1072_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5897\/JGRP2014.0473","volume":"8","author":"F Tumwine","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tumwine F. Changes in marriage practices among the Bafumbira of Western Uganda. J Geography Regional Plan. 2015;8(2):16\u201325.","journal-title":"J Geography Regional Plan"},{"unstructured":"Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UB0S). The National Population and Housing Census 2014 \u2013 Main Report, Kampala, Uganda, 2016.","key":"1072_CR53"},{"unstructured":"Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) and ICF. Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Kampala, Uganda and Rockville, Maryland: UBOS and ICF. 2018.","key":"1072_CR54"},{"key":"1072_CR55","volume-title":"Uganda National Service Delivery Survey","author":"Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS)","year":"2015","unstructured":"Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). Uganda National Service Delivery Survey. Kampala: UBOS; 2015."},{"key":"1072_CR56","volume-title":"The 19th annual report to the parliament of the Republic of Uganda including an assessment of human rights to family planning","author":"Uganda Human Rights Commission","year":"2016","unstructured":"Uganda Human Rights Commission. The 19th annual report to the parliament of the Republic of Uganda including an assessment of human rights to family planning. Kampala: Uganda Human Rights Commission; 2016."},{"unstructured":"UNFPA 2017 Health Status and Associated Factors Thematic series. https:\/\/uganda.unfpa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pub-pdf\/Health%20Monograph%2010-01-2018%20With%20Covers.pdf. Accessed June 2019.","key":"1072_CR57"},{"issue":"5","key":"1072_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(96)00385-1","volume":"45","author":"TW Valente","year":"1997","unstructured":"Valente TW, Watkins SC, Jato MN, Van Der Straten A, Tsitsol LPM. Social network associations with contraceptive use among Cameroonian women in voluntary associations. Soc Sci Med. 1997;45(5):677\u201387.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1072_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200675","volume":"13","author":"S Van Belle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van Belle S, Boydell V, George AS, Brinkerhoff DW, Khosla R. Correction: broadening understanding of accountability ecosystems in sexual and reproductive health and rights: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2018;13(7):e0200675 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0200675.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"1072_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153907","volume":"11","author":"C Wegs","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wegs C, Creanga AA, Galavotti C, Wamalwa E. Community Dialogue to Shift Social Norms and Enable Family Planning: An Evaluation of the Family Planning Results Initiative in Kenya community dialogue to shift social norms and enable family planning: an evaluation of the family planning results initiative in Kenya. PLoS One. 2016;11(4):e0153907 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0153907.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Williams CM, Larsen U, McCloskey LA. Intimate partner violence and women\u2019s contraceptive use. Violence Against Women. 2008;14(12):1382\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077801208325187.","key":"1072_CR61","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801208325187"},{"unstructured":"World Health Organization: The global strategy for women\u2019s, children\u2019s and adolescents\u2019 health (2016-2030). Geneva: WHO; 2015.","key":"1072_CR62"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wulifan JK, Brenner S, Jahn A, De Allegri M. A scoping review on determinants of unmet need for family planning among women of reproductive age in low and middle income countries. BMC Womens Health. 2016;16:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-015-0281-3.","key":"1072_CR63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-015-0281-3"},{"key":"1072_CR64","volume-title":"Case study research: design and methods","author":"RK Yin","year":"1984","unstructured":"Yin RK. Case study research: design and methods. Newbury Park: Sage; 1984."}],"container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-020-01072-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12905-020-01072-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-020-01072-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T07:20:58Z","timestamp":1634023258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12905-020-01072-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-020-01072-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6874"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1472-6874"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The research protocol received ethical approval from the Population Council\u2019s Institutional Review Board (714) and the School of Public Health, Makerere University (359). Written local approvals were obtained from all the district authorities. Written informed consent was received before each interview. No participants under 18\u2009years old were included,","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"228"}}