{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:22:17Z","timestamp":1793046137512,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk for fragility fractures in postmenopausal Korean women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among subjects who participated in the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008\u20132009), 2114 women\u2009\u2265\u200940\u00a0years of age were included. BMI was based on standards set by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, as follows:\u2009&lt;\u200918.5\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , underweight; 18.5\u2009\u2264\u2009to\u2009&lt;\u200925\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , normal weight; and\u2009\u2265\u200925\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , obese. Subjects were also divided into three groups according to the location of fragility fracture: spine, hip, or wrist.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean (\u00b1\u2009SD) rate of fragility fracture was significantly different among the three groups: 5.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9% (underweight), 1.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3% (normal weight), and 3.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7% (obese) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). After correcting for age, family history, and treatment history of osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, smoking and drinking status, and level of exercise, multivariable regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio for fragility fracture in the underweight group was 5.48 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80\u201316.73] and 3.33 (95% CI 1.61\u20136.87) in the obese group. After subdividing fragility fractures into vertebral and non-vertebral, the odds ratio for vertebral fracture in the underweight group was 5.49 (95% CI 1.31\u201323.09) times higher than that in the normal weight group; in the obese group, the non-vertebral fracture odds ratio was 3.87 (95% CI 1.45\u201310.33) times higher. Analysis of non-vertebral fractures in the obese group revealed an odds ratio for fracture 22.05 (95% CI 1.33\u2013365.31) times higher for hip fracture and 3.85 (95% CI 1.35\u201310.93) times higher for wrist fracture.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity and underweight increased the risk for fragility fractures in postmenopausal Korean women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01209-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T07:03:39Z","timestamp":1612854219000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Association between body mass index and fragility fracture in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008\u20132009 (KNHANES IV)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jihan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3653-7734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Pyo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Gyu","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok Jun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu Pil","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan-Keol","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1209_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.2013.34.1.43","volume":"34","author":"J Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim J, Kim B, Lee H, Choi H, Won C. 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The survey was conducted every three years from the first (1998) to the third (2005) period. After its reorganization into an annual survey system, it has been conducted annually from the fourth period (2007\u20132009). It corresponds to research conducted by the government for public welfare in accordance with the Bioethics Act. The original survey data are freely accessible without any administrative permission as open-access resources through the website of the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (\n                      \n                      ). The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted with the approval of the Institutional Review Board of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Reference numbers 2008-04EXP-01-C and 2009-01CON-03-2C). Informed consent was obtained from every participant at the time when the surveys were conducted. The present study was approved for waiver of review by the Chungnam National University Hospital Institutional Review Board (Daejeon, South Korea; Institutional Review Board number: 2020-04-102).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"60"}}