{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:16:53Z","timestamp":1789021013034,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female genital cutting (FGC) inflicts life-long injuries on women and their female children. It constitutes a violation of women\u2019s fundamental human rights and threats to bodily integrity. Though decreasing, the practice is high and widespread in Nigeria despite efforts towards its eradication. This study was conducted to perform cohort analysis of the state of FGC between the years 2009 and 2018 in Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study found that that FGC has reduced over the years from 56.3% among the 1959\u20131963 birth cohort to 25.5% among 1994\u20131998 cohorts but a rise in FGC between 1994\u20131998 cohorts and 1999\u20132003 cohorts (28.4%). The percentage of respondents who circumcised their daughters reduced from 40.1% among the oldest birth cohort to 3.6% among the younger cohort. Birth-cohort, religion, education, residence, region, and ethnicity were associated with FGC. Factors associated with the daughter\u2019s circumcision were birth-cohort, religion, residence, region, ethnicity, wealth, marital status, FGC status of the respondent, and FGC required by religion. Similar factors were found for discontinuation intention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The practice of FGC is still high but decreasing among younger birth-cohorts in Nigeria. There is no significant change in the perception of the discontinuation of FGC. More awareness about the adverse effects of FGC, particularly among women with poor education in Nigeria will greatly reduce this cultural menace\u2019s timely eradication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01324-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T23:52:04Z","timestamp":1619653924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cohort analysis of the state of female genital cutting in Nigeria: prevalence, daughter circumcision and attitude towards its discontinuation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Babatunde M.","family":"Gbadebo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adetokunbo T.","family":"Salawu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rotimi F.","family":"Afolabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mobolaji M.","family":"Salawu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeniyi F.","family":"Fagbamigbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayo S.","family":"Adebowale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1324_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF), and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). 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The Institutional Review Board (IRB) of ICF Macro at Fairfax, Virginia, in the USA reviewed and approved the MEASURE Demographic and Health Surveys Project Phase III in conjunction with the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria (NHREC). The IRB of ICF Macro complied with the United States Department of Health and Human Services guidelines and requirements for the \u2018Protection of Human Subjects\u2019 (45 CFR 46). Written informed consent was obtained from every study participant before participation, and all information was collected without identifiers and kept confidentially. All protocols are carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. ICF Macro permitted the authors to use the data. The full details of the ethical approvals can be found at http:\/\/dhsprogram.com.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"There are no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"182"}}