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A retrospective analysis of 40 patients with UE who presented with intraoperative surgical findings of endometriosis involving the ureter and pathology-proven UE was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty patients (median age, 42.5\u00a0years) with histological evidence of UE were included. Six (15%) patients had a history of endometriosis. Twenty-one (52%) patients had urological symptoms, and 19 (48%) patients were asymptomatic. All patients had hydronephrosis. The mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the ipsilateral kidney was significantly worse than that of the contralateral kidney (23.4 vs 54.9\u00a0ml\/min;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Twelve (30%) patients were treated with ureteroureterostomy (11 open approaches and 1 robotic approach). Twenty-two (55%) patients underwent ureteroneocystostomy (17 open approaches, 4 laparoscopic approaches and 1 robotic approach). Five patients underwent nephroureterectomy. One patient refused aggressive surgery and received ureteroscopic biopsy and ureteral stent placement. Thirteen (33%) patients required gynecological operations. Three (8%) patients in the open group suffered from major surgical complications. Nine (24%) patients received postoperative endocrine therapy. Twenty-eight (70%) patients were followed up (median follow-up time, 71\u00a0months). Twenty-four patients received kidney-sparing surgeries. The success rate for these 24 patients was 21\/24 (87.5%). The success rates of ureteroneocystostomy and ureteroureterostomy were 15\/16 (93.8%) and 5\/7 (71.4%), respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although UE is rare, we should remain vigilant for the disease among female patients with silent hydronephrosis. Typically, a multidisciplinary surgical team is necessary. For patients with severe UE, segmental ureteral resection with ureteroureterostomy (UU) or ureteroneocystostomy may be a preferred choice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01349-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T17:02:40Z","timestamp":1621270960000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of ureteral endometriosis: our experience with 40 cases"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kunlin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sida","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukun","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiankun","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengwei","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aobing","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7030-0856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuesong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1349_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2006.09.009","volume":"14","author":"V Frenna","year":"2007","unstructured":"Frenna V, Santos L, Ohana E, et al. 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