{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:45:57Z","timestamp":1793411157116,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intrauterine devices (IUD) are widely used all over the world. One of the most serious complications is uterine perforation, and it is very rare for the IUD to penetrate the bladder after perforation. Here we report two cases of IUD migration into the bladder, and review the literature to analyze the possible causes and solutions of such complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case NO. 1 is a 37-year-old female who presented lower urinary tract symptoms for a year. Cystoscopy showed that a strip of metal penetrated into the bladder, and the surface was covered with stones. The patient underwent cystotomy and foreign body removal under general anesthesia. Case NO. 2 is a 46-year-old woman who previously inserted an IUD in 1998, but she had an unexpected pregnancy in 1999. Her doctor believed that \"the IUD had spontaneously expulsed\" and a new IUD was inserted after her pregnancy was terminated. Her CT scan showed an IUD on the left side of the bladder and another IUD in the uterus. Her foreign body was removed by cystotomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with IUD should be suggested to check the device regularly, and those who with a missed IUD have to rule out the possibility of IUD migration. For patients with IUD combined with lower urinary tract symptoms, it is necessary to be aware of whether IUD perforation affects the bladder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01443-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T05:04:23Z","timestamp":1629090263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Intrauterine devices migrated into the bladder: two case reports and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5191-633X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangtao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Ao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guimin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1443_CR1","first-page":"9362962","volume":"2018","author":"ML Cheung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheung ML, Rezai S. Retained intrauterine device (IUD): triple case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2018;2018:9362962.","journal-title":"Case Rep Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"8","key":"1443_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.10098","volume":"30","author":"K Mahmutyazicioglu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mahmutyazicioglu K, Ozdemir H, Ozkan P. Migration of an intrauterine contraceptive device to the urinary bladder: sonographic findings. J Clin Ultrasound: JCU. 2002;30(8):496\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound: JCU"},{"issue":"2","key":"1443_CR3","first-page":"29","volume":"14","author":"JH Tan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tan JH, Lip H, Ong W, et al. Intrauterine contraceptive device embedded in bladder wall with calculus formation removed successfully with open surgery. Malaysian Fam Phys: Off J Acad Fam Phys Malaysia. 2019;14(2):29\u201331.","journal-title":"Malaysian Fam Phys: Off J Acad Fam Phys Malaysia"},{"issue":"1","key":"1443_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1089\/cren.2017.0038","volume":"3","author":"M Sano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sano M, Nemoto K, Miura T, et al. Endoscopic treatment of intrauterine device migration into the bladder with stone formation. J Endourol Case Rep. 2017;3(1):105\u20137.","journal-title":"J Endourol Case Rep"},{"key":"1443_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2017.27.193.13106","volume":"27","author":"A Kallat","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kallat A, Ibrahimi A, Fahsi O, et al. Intrauterine device: about a rare complication and literature review. Pan Afr Med J. 2017;27:193.","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1443_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.1997.tb08000.x","volume":"76","author":"A Bjornerem","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bjornerem A, Tollan A. Intrauterine device\u2013primary and secondary perforation of the urinary bladder. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1997;76(4):383\u20135.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"5","key":"1443_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)45213-X","volume":"136","author":"D Schwartzwald","year":"1986","unstructured":"Schwartzwald D, Mooppan UM, Tancer ML, et al. Vesicouterine fistula with menouria: a complication from an intrauterine contraceptive device. J Urol. 1986;136(5):1066\u20137.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1443_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.4111\/icu.2016.57.6.449","volume":"57","author":"C Jin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jin C, Fan Y, Zhang Q, et al. Removal of foreign bodies embedded in the urinary bladder wall by a combination of laparoscopy and carbon dioxide cystoscopic assistance: Case report and literature review. Invest Clin Urol. 2016;57(6):449\u201352.","journal-title":"Invest Clin Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1443_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3746-8","volume":"30","author":"H Niu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Niu H, Zhang L, Yao S, et al. Successful removal of an intrauterine device perforating the uterus and the bladder with the aid of a transurethral nephroscope. Int Urogynecol J. 2019;30(2):325\u20136.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J."},{"issue":"1","key":"1443_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02340134","volume":"5","author":"P Kiilholma","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kiilholma P, Makinen J, Vuori J. Bladder perforation: uncommon complication with a misplaced IUD. Adv Contracept: Off J Soc Adv Contracept. 1989;5(1):47\u20139.","journal-title":"Adv Contracept: Off J Soc Adv Contracept"}],"container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-021-01443-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12905-021-01443-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-021-01443-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T05:05:00Z","timestamp":1629090300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12905-021-01443-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-021-01443-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6874","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committees of Leshan People\u2019s Hospital, and patients provided written informed consents.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consents were obtained from these patients. The consents are available for review by the Editor of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"301"}}