{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T16:03:56Z","timestamp":1772121836105,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The formation of a uterine artery pseudoaneurysm is rare and isolated cases have been reported in the existing literature following caesarean sections, curettages and cone biopsies. There has been no report of pseudoaneurysm formation following a loop electrosurgical excision procedure. Vaginal bleeding could potentially be life threatening if this diagnosis is not considered following cervical instrumentation or surgery. Management options range from haemostatic sutures, image-guided embolisation to surgical repair. We report the diagnosis and management of a case of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm after a loop electrosurgical excision procedure.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 37-year-old woman was diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) and underwent a therapeutic loop electrosurgical excision procedure. One month after the procedure, the patient presented to the emergency department with repeated episodes of sudden-onset heavy vaginal bleeding associated with hypotension and syncope. A computed tomography angiogram was performed, which demonstrated a pseudoaneurysm of the right uterine artery. Following the diagnosis, image-guided embolisation was performed successfully. Post-embolisation angiograms showed successful embolisation of the pseudoaneurysm and the patient had no further episodes of bleeding.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Loop electrosurgical excision procedures are generally safe but rarely, can be complicated by the formation of uterine artery pseudoaneurysms. The depth of the loop electrosurgical excision procedure and vascular anatomy should be considered to prevent such complications. A computed tomography angiogram appears to be ideal for diagnosis. Image-guided embolisation is safe and effective as a therapeutic measure, with minimal morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01446-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T09:04:23Z","timestamp":1629104663000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pseudoaneurysm of the uterine artery post loop electrosurgical excision procedure"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2305-7766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelvin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soe-Na","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li Min","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yee Yong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuldip","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1446_CR1","unstructured":"RCOG Patient information Leaflet: LLETZ https:\/\/www.rcog.org.uk\/globalassets\/documents\/patients\/patient-information-leaflets\/gynaecology\/lletz_jcct-rcog_v1.0_2020.pdf"},{"issue":"3","key":"1446_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.2015.58.3.256","volume":"58","author":"G Moon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moon G, Jeon S, Nam KH, et al. Pseudoaneurysm of the uterine artery causing intra-abdominal and vaginal bleeding after cervical conization. Obstet Gynaecol Sci. 2015;58(3):256\u20139.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynaecol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1446_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-011-0096-6","volume":"61","author":"TV Chitra","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chitra TV, Panicker S. Pseudoaneurysm of uterine artery: a rare cause of secondary post partum haemorrhage. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2011;61(6):641\u20134.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol India"},{"key":"1446_CR4","first-page":"285846","volume":"2013","author":"AO Yeniel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yeniel AO, Ergenoglu AM, Akdemir A, et al. Massive secondary postpartum hemorrhage with uterine artery pseudoaneurysm after cesarean section. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2013;2013:285846.","journal-title":"Case Rep Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1446_CR5","first-page":"373482","volume":"2011","author":"AM Sharma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sharma AM, Burbridge B, et al. Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm in the setting of delayed postpartum hemorrhage: successful treatment with emergency arterial embolization. Case Report Radiol. 2011;2011:373482.","journal-title":"Case Report Radiol"},{"key":"1446_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-013-0668-1","volume":"36","author":"A Dohan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dohan A, Soyer P, Subhani A, et al. Postpartum hemorrhage resulting from pelvic pseudoaneurysm: a retrospective analysis of 588 consecutive cases treated by arterial embolization. Cardiovasc Interv Radiol. 2013;36:1247\u201355.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1446_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-2315(06)76470-5","volume":"35","author":"J Zanati","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zanati J, Sergent F, Clavier E, et al. Late post-conization hemorrhage and false aneurysm of the uterine pedicle. J Gynevol Obstet Biol Reprod. 2006;35(7):725\u20138.","journal-title":"J Gynevol Obstet Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"2 Pt 2 Suppl 2","key":"1446_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000093","volume":"123","author":"J Jain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jain J, O\u2019Leary S, Sarosi M. Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm after uterine cervical conization. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123(2 Pt 2 Suppl 2):456\u20138.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1446_CR9","first-page":"659","volume":"48","author":"H Kurata","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kurata H, Aoki Y, Tanaka K. Delayed, massive bleeding as an unusual complication of laser conisation. A case report. J Reprod Med. 2003;48:659.","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"1446_CR10","volume-title":"Atlas of pelvic anatomy and gynecologic surgery","author":"MS Baggish","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baggish MS, Karram MM. Atlas of pelvic anatomy and gynecologic surgery. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016.","edition":"4"},{"issue":"2","key":"1446_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.2019.62.2.138","volume":"62","author":"A Cho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cho A, Park SW, Park SY, et al. Hemoperitoneum: a complication of loop electrosurgical excision procedure. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2019;62(2):138\u201341.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Sci"},{"key":"1446_CR12","unstructured":"Cooper DB, Carugno J, Menefee GW. Conization Of Cervix. [Updated 2021 Mar 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK441845\/"}],"container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-021-01446-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12905-021-01446-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-021-01446-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T09:04:58Z","timestamp":1629104698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12905-021-01446-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-021-01446-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6874","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Ethics approval was not required for this case report of a single patient. Informed written consent was obtained from the patient.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"There are no financial or non-financial conflicts of interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"298"}}