{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:25:19Z","timestamp":1789183519417,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite women\u2019s greater need for cardiac rehabilitation (CR), they are less likely to utilize it. Innovative CR models have been developed to better meet women\u2019s needs, yet there is little controlled, comparative data assessing the effects of these models for women. This study compared outcomes in women electing to participate in mixed-sex, women-only, or home-based CR, and a matched sample of men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective study, electronic records of CR participants in Toronto who were offered the choice of program model between January 2017 and July 2019 were analyzed; clinical outcomes comprised cardiorespiratory fitness, risk factors and psychosocial well-being. These were assessed at intake and post-6-month program and analyzed using general linear mixed models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 1181 patients (727 women [74.7% mixed, 22.0% women-only, 3.3% home-based]; 454 age and diagnosis-matched men) who initiated CR; Cardiorespiratory fitness among women was higher at initiation of mixed-sex than women-only (METs 5.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 vs 4.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.007), but no other outcome differences were observed. 428 (58.9%) women completed the programs, with few women retained in the home-based model limiting comparisons. There were significant improvements in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001) and quality of life (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001), and lower depressive symptoms (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.030) as well as waist circumference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001) with mixed-sex only. VO<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>was significantly higher at discharge in mixed-sex than women-only (estimate\u2009=\u20091.67, standard error\u2009=\u20090.63, 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20090.43\u20132.91).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participation in non-gender-tailored women-only CR was not advantageous as expected. More research is needed, particularly including women participating in home-based programs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01553-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T12:02:54Z","timestamp":1639569774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Women\u2019s outcomes following mixed-sex, women-only, and home-based cardiac rehabilitation participation and comparison by sex"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Fiorella A.","family":"Heald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Marzolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey J. F.","family":"Colella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajni","family":"Nijhawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry L.","family":"Grace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1553_CR1","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Results Tool [Internet]. IHME, University of Washington. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington; 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 16]. http:\/\/ghdx.healthdata.org\/gbd-results-tool"},{"key":"1553_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e015634","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015634","volume":"9","author":"CM Norris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Norris CM, Yip CYY, Nerenberg KA, Clavel M, Pacheco C, Foulds HJA, et al. State of the science in women\u2019s cardiovascular disease: a canadian perspective on the influence of sex and gender. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9:e015634.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"1553_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000117292.19349.D0","volume":"109","author":"NK Wenger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wenger NK. You\u2019ve come a long way, baby. Circulation. 2004;109(5):558\u201360.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"1553_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000351","volume":"133","author":"LS Mehta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mehta LS, Beckie TM, DeVon HA, Grines CL, Krumholz HM, Johnson MN, et al. Acute myocardial infarction in women: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;133(9):916\u201347.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1553_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.11.013","volume":"35","author":"T Francis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Francis T, Kabboul N, Rac V, Mitsakakis N, Pechlivanoglou P, Bielecki J, et al. The effect of cardiac rehabilitation on health-related quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol. 2019;35:352\u201364.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1553_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.10.044","volume":"67","author":"L Anderson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anderson L, Oldridge N, Thompson DR, Zwisler A-D, Rees K, Martin N, et al. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease: cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1553_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7120514","volume":"7","author":"N Kabboul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kabboul N, Tomlinson G, Francis T, Grace S, Chaves G, Rac V, et al. Comparative effectiveness of the core components of cardiac rehabilitation on mortality and morbidity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2018;7(12):514.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1553_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000351","volume":"39","author":"GL Ghisi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghisi GL, Chaves GS, Bennett A, Lavie CJ, Grace SL. The effects of cardiac rehabilitation on mortality and morbidity in women: a meta-analysis attempt. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2019;39(1):39\u201342.","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev"},{"issue":"8","key":"1553_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314545279","volume":"22","author":"JD Colbert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Colbert JD, Martin BJ, Haykowsky MJ, Hauer TL, Austford LD, Arena RA, et al. Cardiac rehabilitation referral, attendance and mortality in women. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015;22(8):979\u201386.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"1553_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000623","author":"E De Souza","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Souza E, Silva CG, Nishijuka FA, De Castro CLB, Franca JF, Myers J, Laukkanen JA, et al. Women have lower mortality than men after attending a long-term medically supervised exercise program. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000623.","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev"},{"issue":"9","key":"1553_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.10.028","volume":"125","author":"KM Daniels","year":"2012","unstructured":"Daniels KM, Arena R, Lavie CJ, Forman DE. Cardiac rehabilitation for women across the lifespan. Am J Med. 2012;125(9):937.e1-7.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1553_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-013-0306-0","volume":"7","author":"N Engberding","year":"2013","unstructured":"Engberding N, Wenger NK. Cardiac rehabilitation for women. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep. 2013;7(3):203\u201311.","journal-title":"Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"1553_CR13","first-page":"13","volume":"19","author":"K Budnick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Budnick K, Campbell J, Esau L, Lyons J, Rogers N, Haennel RG. Cardiac rehabilitation for women: a systematic review. Can J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2009;19(4):13\u201325.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"issue":"11","key":"1553_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31820faaf8","volume":"123","author":"L Mosca","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mosca L, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, Bezanson JL, Dolor RJ, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women\u20142011 update. Circulation. 2011;123(11):1243\u201362.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1553_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.06.064","volume":"298","author":"C Santiago de Ara\u00fajo Pio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santiago de Ara\u00fajo Pio C, Beckie TM, Varnfield M, Sarrafzadegan N, Babu AS, Baidya S, et al. Promoting patient utilization of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation: a joint International Council and Canadian Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation position statement. Int J Cardiol. 2020;298:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1553_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2016.01.036","volume":"32","author":"E Oosenbrug","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oosenbrug E, Marinho RP, Zhang J, Marzolini S, Colella TJF, Pakosh M, et al. Sex differences in cardiac rehabilitation adherence: a meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol. 2016;32(11):1316\u201324.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1553_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2013.11.007","volume":"30","author":"L Samayoa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Samayoa L, Grace SL, Gravely S, Scott LB, Marzolini S, Colella TJF. Sex differences in cardiac rehabilitation enrollment: a meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol. 2014;30(7):793\u2013800.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1553_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314520783","volume":"22","author":"TJ Colella","year":"2015","unstructured":"Colella TJ, Gravely S, Marzolini S, Grace SL, Francis JA, Oh P, et al. Sex bias in referral of women to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation? A meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015;22(4):423\u201341.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1553_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2017.01.002","volume":"92","author":"M Superv\u00eda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Superv\u00eda M, Medina-Inojosa JR, Yeung C, Lopez-Jimenez F, Squires RW, P\u00e9rez-Terzic CM, et al. Cardiac rehabilitation for women: a systematic review of barriers and solutions. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;92(4):565\u201377.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1553_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2007.0753","volume":"18","author":"SL Grace","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grace SL, Gravely-Witte S, Kayaniyil S, Brual J, Suskin N, Stewart DE. A multisite examination of sex differences in cardiac rehabilitation barriers by participation status. J Women\u2019s Heal. 2009;18(2):209\u201316.","journal-title":"J Women\u2019s Heal"},{"issue":"3","key":"1553_CR21","first-page":"32","volume":"15","author":"J Price","year":"2005","unstructured":"Price J, Landry M, Rolfe D, Delos-Reyes F, Groff L, Sternberg L. Women\u2019s cardiac rehabilitation: improving access using principles of women\u2019s health. Can J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2005;15(3):32\u201341.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"1553_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2020.01.015","volume":"30","author":"K Turk-Adawi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turk-Adawi K, Supervia M, Lopez-Jimenez F, Adawi A, Sadeghi M, Grace SL. Women-only cardiac rehabilitation delivery around the world. Heart Lung Circ. 2021;30(1):135\u201343.","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"1553_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02267-0","author":"T Mamataz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mamataz T, De Melo Ghisi GL, Pakosh M, Grace SL. Nature, availability and utilization of women-focused cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-021-02267-0.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1553_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E69","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000663","volume":"140","author":"RJ Thomas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thomas RJ, Beatty AL, Beckie TM, Brewer LPC, Brown TM, Forman DE, et al. Home-based cardiac rehabilitation: a scientific statement from the american association of cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation, the american heart association, and the american college of cardiology. Circulation. 2019;140(1):E69-89.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"1553_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314559275","volume":"22","author":"C Andraos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andraos C, Arthur HM, Oh P, Chessex C, Brister S, Grace SL. Women\u2019s preferences for cardiac rehabilitation program model: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015;22(12):1513\u201322.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1553_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.07.001","volume":"67","author":"SL Grace","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grace SL, Racco C, Chessex C, Rivera T, Oh P. A narrative review on women and cardiac rehabilitation: program adherence and preferences for alternative models of care. Maturitas. 2010;67(3):203\u20138.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"6","key":"1553_CR27","first-page":"CD007130","volume":"6","author":"L Anderson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anderson L, Sharp GA, Norton RJ, Dalal H, Dean SG, Jolly K, et al. Home-based versus centre-based cardiac rehabilitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;6(6):CD007130.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1553_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mamataz T, De Melo Ghisi GL, Pakosh M, Grace SL. Outcomes and Cost of Women-focused Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Maturitas. 2021;Under revision.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02267-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"1553_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0b013e318228a32f","volume":"31","author":"KL Russell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Russell KL, Holloway TM, Brum M, Caruso V, Chessex C, Grace SL. Cardiac rehabilitation wait times: effect on enrollment. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2011;31(6):373\u20137.","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev"},{"key":"1553_CR30","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of lifestyle medicine and health","author":"LC Dalleck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dalleck LC, Tischendorf JS. Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (ACSM) 10th edn. In: Riebe D, Ehrman JK, Liguori G, Magal M, editors. Encyclopedia of lifestyle medicine and health. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2012. p. 183."},{"issue":"5","key":"1553_CR31","first-page":"377","volume":"14","author":"GAV Borg","year":"1982","unstructured":"Borg GAV. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 1982;14(5):377\u201381.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sport Exerc"},{"issue":"9","key":"1553_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318177eb7f","volume":"40","author":"S Marzolini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marzolini S, Oh PI, Thomas SG, Goodman JM. Aerobic and resistance training in coronary disease: single versus multiple sets. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(9):1557\u201364.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"05","key":"1553_CR33","first-page":"1","volume":"06","author":"GLM Ghisi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghisi GLM, Scane K, Sandison N, Maksymiu S, Skeffington V, Oh P. Development of an educational curriculum for cardiac rehabilitation patients and their families. J Clin Exp Cardiolog. 2015;06(05):1\u201313.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Cardiolog"},{"issue":"2","key":"1553_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1139\/h11-151","volume":"37","author":"K Scane","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scane K, Alter D, Oh P, Brooks D. Adherence to a cardiac rehabilitation home program model of care: a comparison to a well-established traditional on-site supervised program. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012;37(2):206\u201313.","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"1553_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2014.04.003","volume":"30","author":"SL Grace","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grace SL, Poirier P, Norris CM, Oakes GH, Somanader DS, Suskin N. Pan-Canadian development of cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention quality indicators. Can J Cardiol. 2014;30(8):945\u20138.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1553_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2020.02.086","volume":"36","author":"DM Rabi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rabi DM, McBrien KA, Sapir-Pichhadze R, Nakhla M, Ahmed SB, Dumanski SM, et al. Hypertension Canada\u2019s 2020 comprehensive guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment of hypertension in adults and children. Can J Cardiol. 2020;36(5):596\u2013624.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"1553_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy339","volume":"2018","author":"B Williams","year":"2018","unstructured":"Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Rosei EA, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. ESC\/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Vol. 39. Eur Heart J. 2018;2018:3021\u2013104.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"24","key":"1553_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.11.003","volume":"73","author":"SM Grundy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, Beam C, Birtcher KK, Blumenthal RS, et al. AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(24):e285-350.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1553_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","volume":"1","author":"LS Radloff","year":"1977","unstructured":"Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1(3):385\u2013401.","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas"},{"key":"1553_CR40","first-page":"22","volume-title":"The pattern of human concern","author":"H Cantril","year":"1965","unstructured":"Cantril H. The pattern of human concern. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press; 1965. p. 22\u20134."},{"key":"1553_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heald FA, Marzolini S, Colella TJF, Oh P, Nijhawan R, Grace SL. Women choosing mixed-sex women-only, and home-based cardiac rehabilitation models and impact on utilization. Women Heal. 2021;under revision.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01553-5"},{"issue":"6","key":"1553_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000024413.15949.ED","volume":"106","author":"T Kavanagh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kavanagh T, Mertens DJ, Hamm LF, Beyene J, Kennedy J, Corey P, et al. Prediction of long-term prognosis in 12 169 men referred for cardiac rehabilitation. Circulation. 2002;106(6):666\u201371.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"1553_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.07.028","volume":"42","author":"T Kavanagh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kavanagh T, Mertens DJ, Hamm LF, Beyene J, Kennedy J, Corey P, et al. Peak oxygen intake and cardiac mortality in women referred for cardiac rehabilitation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42(12):2139\u201343.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1553_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.03.017","volume":"156","author":"SJ Keteyian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Keteyian SJ, Brawner CA, Savage PD, Ehrman JK, Schairer J, Divine G, et al. Peak aerobic capacity predicts prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease. Am Heart J. 2008;156(2):292\u2013300.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"1553_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011858","volume":"346","author":"J Myers","year":"2002","unstructured":"Myers J, Prakash M, Froelicher V, Do D, Partington S, Atwood JE. Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(11):793\u2013801.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1553_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.10.007","volume":"32","author":"L Midence","year":"2016","unstructured":"Midence L, Arthur HM, Oh P, Stewart DE, Grace SL. Women\u2019s health behaviours and psychosocial well-being by cardiac rehabilitation program model: a randomized controlled trial. Can J Cardiol. 2016;32(8):956\u201362.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1553_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.1937","volume":"19","author":"TM Beckie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Beckie TM, Beckstead JW. The effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program tailored for women on global quality of life: a randomized clinical trial. J Women\u2019s Heal. 2010;19(11):1977\u201385.","journal-title":"J Women\u2019s Heal"},{"issue":"1","key":"1553_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2010.06.005","volume":"48","author":"TM Beckie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Beckie TM, Beckstead JW, Schocken DD, Evans ME, Fletcher GF. The effects of a tailored cardiac rehabilitation program on depressive symptoms in women: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2011;48(1):3\u201312.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"11","key":"1553_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2018-0876","volume":"44","author":"T Terada","year":"2019","unstructured":"Terada T, Chirico D, Tulloch HE, Scott K, Pipe AL, Reed JL. Sex differences in psychosocial and cardiometabolic health among patients completing cardiac rehabilitation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2019;44(11):1237\u201345.","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"16","key":"1553_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)91220-X","volume":"69","author":"LB Cannistra","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cannistra LB, Balady GJ, O\u2019Malley CJ, Weiner DA, Ryan TJ. Comparison of the clinical profile and outcome of women and men in cardiac rehabilitation. Am J Cardiol. 1992;69(16):1274\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1553_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2020.06.025","volume":"30","author":"J Stehli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stehli J, Duffy SJ, Burgess S, Kuhn L, Gulati M, Chow C, et al. Sex disparities in myocardial infarction: biology or bias? Hear Lung Circ. 2021;30(1):18\u201326.","journal-title":"Hear Lung Circ"}],"container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-021-01553-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12905-021-01553-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-021-01553-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T15:50:17Z","timestamp":1674057017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12905-021-01553-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-021-01553-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6874","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Institutional research ethics board approval was obtained from University Health Network\u2019s Research Ethics Board (#20\u20136035), and the study was granted an exemption from requiring informed consent by the same ethics board.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"413"}}