{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T18:46:08Z","timestamp":1774723568385,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>National data show that lesbian and bisexual women are more likely to be obese compared to straight women. However little is known about whether provider recommendation for weight management varies across these populations. Furthermore, health care providers have explicit and implicit preferences for straight people in comparison to lesbian or gay people. There is little research that exists depicting how this preference affects quality of patient care. The purpose of the study is: to compare, among lesbian, bisexual, and straight females with BMIs\u2009\u2265\u200930: (1) the average Body Mass Index (BMI); (2) receipt of a diagnostic code for obesity; and (3) receipt of a provider recommendation for weight management.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We performed a cross-sectional study of 534 patient records from four outpatient academic internal medicine practices at the University of Pennsylvania between January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 to determine variations in average BMI, proportion of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes for obesity, and proportion of weight management recommendations offered by providers among lesbian, bisexual and straight females with BMIs\u2009\u2265\u200930. We classified provider recommendations as definite, possible, and absent. Multivariable median (BMI outcome only) or logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between sexual orientation and each of the following outcomes: BMI, receipt of obesity diagnosis, and weight management recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There were no significant differences in BMI, receipt of obesity diagnoses, or weight management recommendations between lesbian, bisexual, and straight females with BMIs\u2009\u2265\u200930. However, only about half the patients with BMIs\u2009\u2265\u200930, regardless of sexual orientation, received a weight management recommendation as recommended by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We did not observe disparities in BMI, receipt of obesity diagnoses, or receipt of weight management recommendations between sexual orientation minority and heterosexual females among this sample from an urban population of patients receiving care in a university medical system. However, provider recommendation for weight management was suboptimal in all the groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01585-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T17:02:32Z","timestamp":1643216552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The association between sexual orientation, BMI, obesity diagnosis, and provider recommendation for weight management"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7932-2058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen M.","family":"Wolfgang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Takeshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Fitzsimmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen E.","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1585_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds). 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This study was reviewed and deemed exempt by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Pennsylvania. The study met eligibility criteria for IRB review exemption authorized by 45 CFR 46.104, category 4. As part of the exemption determination, a waiver of the HIPAA authorization requirement was granted as authorized by 45 CFR 164.512. An expedited review procedure was used for the HIPAA authorization waiver because the research involves no more than minimal risk to the privacy of the individuals who are the subject of the protected health information for which use or disclosure is being sought. Informed consent was waived since this was a secondary database analysis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"19"}}