{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T15:24:08Z","timestamp":1790954648780,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funding not available"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pakistan has the highest rate of stillbirth (30.6 stillbirths per 1000 total births) as compared to other South Asian countries. The psychological impact of stillbirths on bereaved women is well documented; however, there is a dearth of literature on lived experiences of women with multiple stillbirths in Pakistan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this research is to understand the lived\u00a0experiences of women who had multiple stillbirths in Thatta, Pakistan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An interpretative phenomenological study was conducted in district Thatta with eight women who experienced more than one stillbirth. A semi-structured in-depth interview guide was used for data collection. The data were analyzed by using thematic analysis approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study show that experiencing multiple stillbirths has a devastating impact on women\u2019s mental and social wellbeing. The women who experienced multiple stillbirths are stigmatized as \u201cchild-killer\u201d or cursed or being punished by God. They are avoided in social gatherings within the families and community, because of these social pressures these women seek spiritual and religious treatment, and struggle to conceive again to deliver a live baby. It was observed that the psycho-social and medical needs of these bereaved women remain unaddressed not only by the healthcare system but also by the society at large.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The physical, social and mental well-being of women who experience multiple stillbirth are at stake. These women are being considered social outcast. Health care providers including physicians, lady health workers, and traditional birth attendants should be trained on provision of psychosocial support along with the routine care that they provide in communities and health facilities. The\u00a0health care providers should also inform the bereaved women about the biomedical causes of stillbirths that would be helpful to mitigate the stigma associated with stillbirths. Moreover, the health care providers should also counsel family members especially in-laws of\u00a0these sorrowful women about the biomedical causes of stillbirths that would also be helpful to mitigate the stigma associated with stillbirths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01622-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T15:02:58Z","timestamp":1645542178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The unspoken grief of multiple stillbirths in rural Pakistan: an interpretative phenomenological study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Asim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sehrish","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajra","family":"Khwaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waqas","family":"Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9774","key":"1622_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62310-0","volume":"377","author":"S Cousens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cousens S, Blencowe H, Stanton C, Chou D, Ahmed S, Steinhardt L, et al. 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[AKU-ERC-2020-0479-8902]. All methods were performed in accordance with the guidelines and regulations of bioethics guideline of the Aga Khan University Karachi. Moreover, a formal permission letter was obtained from the District Health Government, Thatta for field activities.Since all our study participants were illiterate, the consesnt form was read to the participants in local language, by a family member who was literate and trustworthy to the participant. Written informed consent was obtained from legally authorized representatives (LARs) literate family members of the participating women. The LRAs read the written consent form to the study participant and provided the opportunity for further clarifications. The study participant understood the content of the consent form and gave consent to volunteer participation in the study before starting the interview. This study is the part of the Rural Health Program of the Department of Community Health Sciences that enables us to design and accomplish this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"45"}}