{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:07:15Z","timestamp":1793390835802,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Funds for Six Categories of Top Talents","award":["Program No. WS-066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Program No. WS-066"]}]},{"name":"the Research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission","award":["Program No. H201526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Program No. H201526"]}]},{"name":"the Nantong Technology Project","award":["Program No. MS12017008-1, MS12020007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Program No. MS12017008-1, MS12020007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Pregnancy has been considered a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. Despite much research in this field, the relationship between parity and bone mineral density (BMD) is still controversial. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate whether there was an association between parity and BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar spine in postmenopausal women.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Three linear regression models, Model 1 (unadjusted), Model 2 (adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI)), and Model 3 (adjusted for all covariates), were established to evaluate the relationship between parity and BMD. In addition, the <jats:italic>p value<\/jats:italic> trend of BMD in the different parity groups was mutually verified with the results of multiple regression. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between parity and osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In total, 924 postmenopausal women aged 45\u201365 years were eligible for this study. After adjustment for potential confounders, women with \u2265\u20096 parities had significantly lower lumbar spine BMD than women with 1\u20132 parities (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = \u2212\u20090.072, 95% CI: \u2212\u20090.125, \u2212\u20090.018, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009). However, there was no correlation between parity and femoral neck BMD in any of the three regression models. Furthermore, \u2265 6 parities were associated with a significantly higher prevalence of lumbar spine osteoporosis compared with 1\u20132 parities (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.876, 95% CI: 1.637, 9.175, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After adjustment for BMD-related risk factors, \u2265\u20096 parities were associated with decreased lumbar spine BMD but not femoral neck BMD in postmenopausal women. This suggests that postmenopausal women with high parity are at increased risk of lumbar osteoporotic fractures and should pay more attention to their bone health.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01662-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T19:03:08Z","timestamp":1648062188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Association between parity and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yimei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1662_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0808-0","volume":"19","author":"G Yan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan G, Huang Y, Cao H, Wu J, Jiang N, Cao X. 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All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"87"}}