{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T22:27:24Z","timestamp":1794090444884,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Female genital mutilation (FGM) is defined as the partial or complete removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. There are some complications related to childbirth that concern both the mother and the baby. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the birth outcomes of FGM, which is widely applied in Somalia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study included 268 women who gave birth at 37\u201342 weeks of gestation with a cephalic singleton, 134 with FGM and 134 without FGM. This study was designed a prospective cohort study and conducted between January 2019 and December 2020. Patients\u2019 ages, duration of delivery, FGM types, caesarean section requirements, before and after birth hemoglobin levels, birth weeks, baby birth weights and perineal tear data were recorded.  In addition, we analyzed neonatal intensive care needs and APGAR scores for infants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In patients with FGM, it was determined that the outlet obstruction increased 2.33 times, perineal tears increased 2.48 times, the need for caesarean section increased 2.11 times compared to the control group, and the APGAR score below 7 at the 5th minute in the children increased 2 times and the need for neonatal intensive care increased 1.87 times.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>FGM causes increased risk of perineal tear, prolongation in the second stage of labour, increased need for emergency caesarean section, and increased need for NICU for infants. Prevention of FGM will help reduce both obstetric and neonatal complications.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01790-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:02:54Z","timestamp":1653955374000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A prospective cohort study of the relationship of female genital mutilation with birth outcomes in Somalia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Deniz","family":"Kulaksiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ifrah","family":"Abdi Nor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Recep","family":"Erin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kubra","family":"Baki Erin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuncay","family":"Toprak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"1790_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. Female genital mutilation. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/female-genital-mutilation. Accessed 17 May 2022."},{"key":"1790_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003088","volume":"17","author":"JM Lurie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lurie JM, Weidman A, Huynh S, Delgado D, Easthausen I, Kaur G. Painful gynecologic and obstetric complications of female genital mutilation\/ cutting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2020;17:1\u201320.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1790_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0863-6","volume":"19","author":"N Bedri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bedri N, Sherfi H, Rudwan G, Elhadi S, Kabiru C, Amin W. Shifts in FGM\/C practice in Sudan: communities\u2019 perspectives and drivers. BMC Womens Health. 2019;19:1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"1790_CR4","unstructured":"UNICEF. Female Genital Mutilation\/Cutting: A global concern. 2016."},{"key":"1790_CR5","unstructured":"Erin R. Kad\u0131n genital s\u00fcnneti. In: Scientific Developments. 2019. p.\u00a0135\u201345."},{"key":"1790_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2019.2.137","volume":"91","author":"S Karaci","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karaci S, Kulaksiz D, Sekerci CA. A rare cause of clitoromegaly: epidermoid cyst. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2019;91:137\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Ital Urol Androl"},{"key":"1790_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/gheg.2020.1","volume":"5","author":"F Sylla","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sylla F, Moreau C, Andro A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the consequences of female genital mutilation on maternal and perinatal health outcomes in European and African countries. BMJ Glob Heal. 2020;5:1\u201314.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Heal"},{"key":"1790_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein E, Helzner E, Shayowitz M, Kohlhoff S, Smith-Norowitz TA. Female genital mutilation: health consequences and complications---a short literature review. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2018;2018.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7365715"},{"key":"1790_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1123-5","volume":"16","author":"N Varol","year":"2016","unstructured":"Varol N, Dawson A, Turkmani S, Hall JJ, Nanayakkara S, Jenkins G, et al. Obstetric outcomes for women with female genital mutilation at an Australian hospital, 2006\u20132012: a descriptive study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;16:1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"1790_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2019.1689543","volume":"60","author":"H Im","year":"2020","unstructured":"Im H, Swan LET, Heaton L. 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All methods were carried out under the relevant directives and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all patients included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"202"}}