{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T06:22:07Z","timestamp":1788157327717,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Worldwide, it is estimated at least 50\u00a0million couples are affected by infertility with the prevalence of infertility being 16% in Tanzania. Psychological impact of infertility in patients negatively affects women\u2019s Quality of Life (QoL) defined as a person`s perception of where they are in life in terms of culture and value in the emotional, mind-body, relational, social, environment and tolerability of treatment aspects. Poor Quality of Life is related to increased treatment discontinuation. The aim of this study was to determine the Quality of Life and associated factors among infertile women attending infertility clinic at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A hospital based cross\u2013sectional study was conducted among 340 infertile women attending infertility clinic at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar. Data was collected using FertiQoL tool. The factors associated with Quality of Life using FertiQoL tool in infertile women were estimated in a multivariable linear regression model at 95% confidence interval and 5% level of significance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Quality of life of infertile women at Mnazi Mmoja infertility clinic was 70.6\u2009\u00b1\u200910.0 on a scale of 0 to 100. It increased significantly with increase in educational level (p\u2009=\u20090.009). Women with female individual causes on average had 5.07 (B=- 5.07, 95%CI: -7.78, -2.35) and women with individual and respective male partner causes of infertility had on average 4.95 (B= -4.95, 95% CI: -7.77, -2.12) respective decrease in the FertiQoL scores compared to those who had their male partner with problems as reason for infertility. There was an average 4.50 (B=-4.50, 95% CI: 2.30, 6.70) decrease in quality of life in women with secondary infertility compared to women with primary infertility. Every month increase in duration of infertility led to an average of 0.04 (B=-2.57, 95%CI: -0.07, -0.01) decrease in FertiQoL scores.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The overall quality of life in this population was positively associated with level of education but negatively affected with reason for infertility, type of infertility and duration of infertility.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02536-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T16:03:03Z","timestamp":1690905783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Quality of life and associated factors among infertile women attending infertility clinic at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mubina","family":"Suleiman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Furaha","family":"August","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Winnie","family":"Nanyaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wangwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amani","family":"Kikula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda","family":"Balandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matilda","family":"Ngarina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Projestine","family":"Muganyizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2536_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mascarenhas MN, Flaxman SR, Boerma T, Vanderpoel S, Stevens GA. National, Regional, and Global Trends in Infertility Prevalence Since 1990: A Systematic Analysis of 277 Health Surveys. PLOS Medicine. 2012 Dec 18;9(12):e1001356.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001356"},{"key":"2536_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boivin J, Bunting L, Collins JA, Nygren KG. International estimates of infertility prevalence and treatment-seeking: potential need and demand for infertility medical care. Hum Reprod. 2007 Jun;22(1):1506\u201312.","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem046"},{"key":"2536_CR3","unstructured":"Rutstein S, Shah I. WHO | Infecundity, infertility, and childlessness in developing countries. Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Comparative reports No. 9. WHO. 2014."},{"key":"2536_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dural O, Yasa C, Keyif B, Celiksoy H, Demiral I, Yuksel Ozgor B et al. Effect of infertility on quality of life of women: a validation study of the turkish FertiQoL. 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The impact of infertility on the Psychological Well-Being, Marital Relationships, sexual Relationships, and quality of life of couples: a systematic review. J Sex Marital Ther. 2015 Nov;41(2):610\u201325.","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2014.958789"},{"key":"2536_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frederiksen Y, Farver-Vestergaard I, Skovg\u00e5rd NG, Ingerslev HJ, Zachariae R. Efficacy of psychosocial interventions for psychological and pregnancy outcomes in infertile women and men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2015 Jan 1;5(1):e006592.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006592"},{"key":"2536_CR9","unstructured":"WHO. WHOQOL - Measuring Quality of Life| The World Health Organization [Internet]. [cited 2023 May 16]. 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BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;8(1):186.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-023-02536-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12905-023-02536-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-023-02536-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T16:03:30Z","timestamp":1690905810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12905-023-02536-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2536"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-023-02536-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6874","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical clearance was sought from Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) research and publication committee, and Institutional Review Board (MUHAS-REC-06-2020-284). The permission to conduct the study was obtained from Zanzibar Medical Research Ethics Council (ZAMREC) and the Director of training and research of Mnazi Mmoja Hospital. All methods of data collection were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent to participate in the study was sought from potential study participants. Informed consent was read to participants with no formal education by the research assistants in the presence of companion of their choice and thumb signature was obtained from the participants and countersigned and dated by the companions. Confidentiality and privacy were guaranteed and maintained. Participation was voluntary and halted when requested by the participant. Also, all clients were informed that, there were no financial gains obtained by participating in this study. Data was stored in encrypted files within a password locked computer.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Authors declare to have no competing interests on the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"400"}}