{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:34:32Z","timestamp":1790897672737,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["INV-006373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-006373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2021-I2M-1-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-1-004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Improving the coverage rate of cervical cancer screening is a challenge mission for cervical cancer elimination. This study attempted to assess the knowledge, willingness, and uptake of cervical cancer screening services among Chinese females and determined associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is a cross-sectional online survey conducted in China from March to April 2022. Information on demographic characteristics, knowledge, willingness, and uptake of cervical cancer screening was collected through a large e-commerce platform. Women aged 18\u201365 were included in the analysis. Logistic regression analysis was employed to detect the possible factors associated with knowledge, willingness, and screening participation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 4518 women (37.83\u2009\u00b1\u20099.14\u00a0years) were included in the final analysis, of whom 87.16% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093938) lived in urban areas. About 93.40% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094220) of the respondents reported hearing of cervical cancer screening. The median score of knowledge about cervical cancer was 16 out of 26. Over 84% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093799) of the respondents were willing to receive regular cervical cancer screening. Nearly 40% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091785) had never received cervical cancer screening. Among the screened women, 21.26% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009581), 35.24% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091151), and 42.37% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091158) were screened through a national cervical cancer screening program, employee physical examination, and self-paid physical examination, respectively. Knowledge was positively associated with willingness and screening participation. Age, marital status, occupation, monthly household income, and HPV vaccination history could influence screening participation (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Though women had high-level awareness and strong participation willingness in cervical cancer screening, the overall screening coverage among Chinese women was still low. Besides, the knowledge about cervical cancer was still limited. Comprehensive health education should be enhanced by utilizing social media platforms and medical workers. It is also important to promote national free cervical cancer screening with high-performance screening methods.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02554-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T16:02:28Z","timestamp":1692288148000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Knowledge, willingness, uptake and barriers of cervical cancer screening services among Chinese adult females: a national cross-sectional survey based on a large e-commerce platform"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6380-0871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youlin","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2554_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32416","volume":"146","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang J, Elfstr\u00f6m KM, Andrae B, Nordqvist Kleppe S, Ploner A, Lei J, et al. Cervical cancer case-control audit: results from routine evaluation of a nationwide cervical screening program. Int J Cancer. 2020;146(5):1230\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"2554_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djn099","volume":"100","author":"B Andrae","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andrae B, Kemetli L, Spar\u00e9n P, Silfverdal L, Strander B, Ryd W, et al. Screening-preventable cervical cancer risks: evidence from a nationwide audit in Sweden. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100(9):622\u20139.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"9590","key":"2554_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61416-0","volume":"370","author":"M Schiffman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schiffman M, Castle PE, Jeronimo J, Rodriguez AC, Wacholder S. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Lancet. 2007;370(9590):890\u2013907.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"2554_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12279","volume":"122","author":"E Lynge","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lynge E, Rygaard C, Baillet MV, Dugu\u00e9 PA, Sander BB, Bonde J, et al. Cervical cancer screening at crossroads. APMIS. 2014;122(8):667\u201373.","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2554_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01671157","volume":"13","author":"E Lynge","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lynge E. Screening for cancer of the cervix uteri. World J Surg. 1989;13(1):71\u20138.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2554_CR6","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Strategy to Accelerate the Elimination of Cervical Cancer. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240014107."},{"issue":"2","key":"2554_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e197","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00501-0","volume":"11","author":"D Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh D, Vignat J, Lorenzoni V, Eslahi M, Ginsburg O, Lauby-Secretan B, et al. Global estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2020: a baseline analysis of the WHO Global Cervical Cancer Elimination Initiative. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11(2):e197\u2013206.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2554_CR8","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Cervical cancer. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cervical-cancer."},{"issue":"2","key":"2554_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e191","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30482-6","volume":"8","author":"M Arbyn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arbyn M, Weiderpass E, Bruni L, de Sanjos\u00e9 S, Saraiya M, Ferlay J, et al. Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: a worldwide analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8(2):e191\u2013203.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2554_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2697","volume":"9","author":"R Duan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duan R, Qiao Y, Clifford G, Zhao F. Cancer burden attributable to human papillomavirus infection by sex, cancer site, age, and geographical area in China. Cancer Med. 2020;9(1):374\u201384.","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2554_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2016.243","volume":"49","author":"MI Hahm","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hahm MI, Chen HF, Miller T, O\u2019Neill L, Lee HY. Why do some people choose opportunistic rather than organized cancer screening? The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010\u20132012. Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(3):727\u201338.","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"7","key":"2554_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13071578","volume":"13","author":"CP Pelullo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pelullo CP, Cantore F, Lisciotto A, Di Giuseppe G, Pavia M. Organized breast and cervical cancer screening: attendance and determinants in Southern Italy. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(7):1578.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"9","key":"2554_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2016.68","volume":"114","author":"S Hein\u00e4vaara","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hein\u00e4vaara S, Sarkeala T, Anttila A. Impact of organised mammography screening on breast cancer mortality in a case-control and cohort study. Br J Cancer. 2016;114(9):1038\u201344.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"17","key":"2554_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7401","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.17.7401","volume":"16","author":"J Di","year":"2015","unstructured":"Di J, Rutherford S, Chu C. Review of the cervical cancer burden and population-based cervical cancer screening in China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(17):7401\u20137.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"2554_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987787","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.987787","volume":"10","author":"J Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu J, Ge Z, Xia J, Liu Q, Ran Q, Yang Y. Status quo and problem analysis of cervical cancer screening program in China: based on RE-AIM framework. Front Public Health. 2022;10:987787.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"24","key":"2554_CR16","first-page":"1869","volume":"101","author":"M Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang M, Bao H, Wang L, Zhao Z, Huang Z, Zhang X, et al. Analysis of cervical cancer screening and related factors in China. Natl Med J China. 2021;101(24):1869\u201374.","journal-title":"Natl Med J China"},{"issue":"12","key":"2554_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7459","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2013.14.12.7459","volume":"14","author":"D Simayi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Simayi D, Yang L, Li F, Wang YH, Amanguli A, Zhang W, et al. Implementing a cervical cancer awareness program in low- income settings in Western China: a community-based locally affordable intervention for risk reduction. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(12):7459\u201366.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"2554_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857138","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.857138","volume":"12","author":"W Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin W, Huang W, Mei C, Zhong C, Zhu L, Liu P, et al. Pre-procedural anxiety and associated factors among women seeking for cervical cancer screening services in Shenzhen, China: does past screening experience matter? Front Oncol. 2022;12:857138.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2554_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14090967","volume":"14","author":"T Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu T, Li S, Ratcliffe J, Chen G. Assessing knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer screening among rural women in Eastern China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(9):967.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2554_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckab049","volume":"31","author":"W Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin W, Chen B, Hu H, Yuan S, Wu B, Zhong C, et al. Joint effects of HPV-related knowledge and socio-demographic factors on HPV testing behaviour among females in Shenzhen. Eur J Public Health. 2021;31(3):582\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2554_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14113","volume":"159","author":"D Setiawan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Setiawan D, Miranti I, Partiwi TD, Puspitasari DA, Ramadhan FN. The willingness for cervical cancer screening among sexually active women in Indonesia: Lesson learned from two districts. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022;159(1):145\u201351.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"2554_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srinath A, van Merode F, Rao SV, Pavlova M. Barriers to cervical cancer and breast cancer screening uptake in low-and-middle-income countries: a systematic review. Health Policy Plan. 2022.","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czac104"},{"key":"2554_CR23","unstructured":"Zhao X, Wang Y, Liu Z, Duan X, Hu S, Wang Y, et al. Knowledge and its influencing factors of cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus vaccines among 19201 Chinese population. Chin J Cancer Prev Treat. 2022;29(9)."},{"issue":"3","key":"2554_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-011-0228-9","volume":"26","author":"C Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu C, Zhang W, Wu M, Zhang S. Knowledge of cervical cancer among 25\u201354-year-old women in Beijing. J Cancer Educ. 2011;26(3):555\u20139.","journal-title":"J Cancer Educ"},{"issue":"5","key":"2554_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.11.044","volume":"38","author":"GT Chua","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chua GT, Ho FK, Tung KT, Wong RS, Cheong KN, Yip PS, et al. Sexual behaviors and intention for cervical screening among HPV-vaccinated young Chinese females. Vaccine. 2020;38(5):1025\u201331.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2554_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13556","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.13556","volume":"31","author":"DNS Chan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chan DNS, So WKW. Influential barriers perceived by South Asians in Hong Kong to undergoing cervical cancer screening. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2022;31(2):e13556.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Care (Engl)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2554_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e026413","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026413","volume":"9","author":"H Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang H, Li SP, Chen Q, Morgan C. Barriers to cervical cancer screening among rural women in eastern China: a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(3):e026413.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"2554_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015986","volume":"28","author":"JST Woo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Woo JST, Brotto LA, Gorzalka BB. The role of sexuality in cervical cancer screening among Chinese women. Health Psychol. 2009;28(5):598\u2013604.","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2554_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-011-2203-4","volume":"285","author":"R Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li R, Lewkowitz AK, Zhao FH, Zhou Q, Hu SY, Qiu H, et al. Analysis of the effectiveness of visual inspection with acetic acid\/Lugol\u2019s iodine in one-time and annual follow-up screening in rural China. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012;285(6):1627\u201332.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"12","key":"2554_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70256-4","volume":"11","author":"FH Zhao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhao FH, Lin MJ, Chen F, Hu SY, Zhang R, Belinson JL, et al. Performance of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA testing as a primary screen for cervical cancer: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from 17 population-based studies from China. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11(12):1160\u201371.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2554_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.6575","volume":"7","author":"J Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang J, Zhao Y, Dai Y, Dang L, Ma L, Yang C, et al. Effectiveness of high-risk human papillomavirus testing for cervical cancer screening in China: a multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2021;7(2):263\u201370.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2554_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02026-0","volume":"19","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Bao H, Ma L, Song B, Di J, Wang L, et al. Real-world effectiveness of primary screening with high-risk human papillomavirus testing in the cervical cancer screening programme in China: a nationwide, population-based study. BMC Med. 2021;19(1):164.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2554_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.11.029","volume":"39","author":"S Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu S, Xu X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Yang C, Wang Y, et al. A nationwide post-marketing survey of knowledge, attitude and practice toward human papillomavirus vaccine in general population: Implications for vaccine roll-out in mainland China. Vaccine. 2021;39(1):35\u201344.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"5","key":"2554_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2013.796305","volume":"53","author":"S Thorburn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thorburn S, Keon KL, Kue J. Sources of breast and cervical cancer information for Hmong women and men. Women Health. 2013;53(5):468\u201378.","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2554_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-010-0078-x","volume":"25","author":"JH Tran","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tran JH, Mouttapa M, Ichinose TY, Pang JK, Ueda D, Tanjasiri SP. Sources of information that promote breast and cervical cancer knowledge and screening among native Hawaiians in Southern California. J Cancer Educ. 2010;25(4):588\u201394.","journal-title":"J Cancer Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2554_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2022.07.022","volume":"166","author":"G Bogani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bogani G, Donato VD, Scambia G, Landoni F, Ghezzi F, Muzii L, et al. Practice patterns and 90-day treatment-related morbidity in early-stage cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2022;166(3):561\u20136.","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"18","key":"2554_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11641","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811641","volume":"19","author":"G Bogani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bogani G, Di Donato V, Scambia G, Raspagliesi F, Chiantera V, Sozzi G, et al. Radical hysterectomy for early stage cervical cancer. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(18):11641.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2554_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59040704","volume":"59","author":"S Cianci","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cianci S, Tarascio M, Arcieri M, La Verde M, Martinelli C, Capozzi VA, et al. Post treatment sexual function and quality of life of patients affected by cervical cancer: a systematic review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023;59(4):704.","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2554_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11030698","volume":"11","author":"A Giannini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giannini A, Di Donato V, Sopracordevole F, Ciavattini A, Ghelardi A, Vizza E, et al. Outcomes of high-grade cervical dysplasia with positive margins and HPV persistence after cervical conization. Vaccines (Basel). 2023;11(3):698.","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2554_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10040579","volume":"10","author":"G Bogani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bogani G, Lalli L, Sopracordevole F, Ciavattini A, Ghelardi A, Simoncini T, et al. Development of a nomogram predicting the risk of persistence\/recurrence of cervical dysplasia. Vaccines (Basel). 2022;10(4):579.","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"}],"container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-023-02554-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12905-023-02554-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-023-02554-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T21:38:44Z","timestamp":1700343524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12905-023-02554-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2554"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-023-02554-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6874","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the research ethics committee of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (approval number CAMS&PUMC-IEC-2022\u2013020). Participation in this survey was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained before beginning the questionnaire. All methods were performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the individual(s) for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"435"}}