{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:51:37Z","timestamp":1792191097387,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707436800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/P000703\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/P000703\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian National Research Organisation for Women\u2019s Safety"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is a prevalent but misunderstood form of gender-based violence with significant impacts women\u2019s health and well-being. Research suggests that IPSV has a specific context and unique impacts, but little is known about how to tailor service responses. To address this gap, we explored help-seeking experiences and needs among IPSV survivors after disclosure.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study draws on qualitative data from a subsample of women who participated in a cross-sectional survey about the service needs of intimate partner violence survivors. Women who reported IPSV and provided information about IPSV-specific help-seeking needs after disclosure were included in the analysis. Open-ended text responses of 37 IPSV survivors were analysed using thematic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>IPSV was invisible and silenced in service responses. Three themes suggest potential ways forward. In the first theme, \u2018Don\u2019t dismiss it\u2019, women needed providers to take their disclosures seriously and listen to the significant impacts of IPSV on their well-being and safety. In the second theme, \u2019See the bigger picture\u2019, women needed service providers to understand that IPSV fits into broader patterns of abuse, and that psychological abuse and coercive control impacts women\u2019s ability to consent. In the third theme, \u2018counteract the gaslighting\u2019, women needed providers to educate them about the continuum of IPSV and help them label IPSV as a form of violence.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our exploratory findings extend the limited evidence base on IPSV and highlight a need for further in-depth research to explore a tailored approach to supporting IPSV survivors. To avoid contributing to the silencing of IPSV survivors, service responses should recognise the harmful and sexualised nature of IPSV, challenge cultural stereotypes that minimise IPSV, and understand that co-occurring psychological abuse may exacerbate shame and prevent women from articulating the source of their distress.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-024-02943-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T17:02:43Z","timestamp":1707498163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["\u201cCounteract the gaslighting\u201d \u2013 a thematic analysis of open-ended responses about what women survivors of intimate partner sexual violence need from service providers"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1372-2363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edofra","family":"Peeren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5426-152X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"McLindon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0220-4985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Tarzia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2943_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838014557290","volume":"16","author":"ME Bagwell-Gray","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bagwell-Gray ME, Messing JT, Baldwin-White A. Intimate Partner sexual violence: a review of terms, definitions, and prevalence. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2015;16(3):316\u201335.","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"2943_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarzia L. It went to the very heart of who I was as a woman: the invisible impacts of intimate Partner sexual violence. Qual Health Res. 2020;104973232096765.","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732320967659"},{"key":"2943_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2021 Feb 18]. Available from: www.who.int."},{"key":"2943_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright EN, Anderson J, Phillips K, Miyamoto S. Help-seeking and barriers to care in intimate Partner sexual violence: a systematic review. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2021;23(5).","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838021998305"},{"issue":"10","key":"2943_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732318819839","volume":"29","author":"L Tarzia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tarzia L, Wellington M, Marino J, Hegarty K. A huge, hidden problem: Australian Health practitioners\u2019 views and understandings of Reproductive Coercion. Qual Health Res. 2019;29(10):1395\u2013407.","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"issue":"23\u201324","key":"2943_CR6","first-page":"11704","volume":"36","author":"L Tarzia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tarzia L. Toward an ecological understanding of intimate Partner sexual violence. J Interpers Violence. 2020;36(23\u201324):11704\u201327.","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"issue":"5","key":"2943_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-021-02006-8","volume":"50","author":"NK Jeffrey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeffrey NK, Barata PC. Intimate Partner sexual violence among Canadian University students: incidence, Context, and perpetrators\u2019 perceptions. Arch Sex Behav. 2021;50(5):2123\u201338.","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0588-y","volume":"18","author":"E McLindon","year":"2018","unstructured":"McLindon E, Humphreys C, Hegarty K. It happens to clinicians too: an Australian prevalence study of intimate partner and family violence against health professionals. BMC Womens Health. 2018;18(1):113.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14045-4","volume":"22","author":"E McLindon","year":"2022","unstructured":"McLindon E, Diemer K, Kuruppu J, Spiteri-Staines A, Hegarty K. You can\u2019t swim well if there is a weight dragging you down: cross-sectional study of intimate partner violence, sexual assault and child abuse prevalence against Australian nurses, midwives and carers. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2943_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838013517560","volume":"16","author":"TK Logan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Logan TK, Walker R, Cole J. Silenced suffering: the need for a Better Understanding of Partner Sexual Violence. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2013;16(2):111\u201335.","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"2943_CR11","unstructured":"Jewkes R, Sen P, Garcia-Moreno C. World Report on Violence and Health. Chapter 6: Sexual violence [Internet]. Krug EG, Dahlberg LL, Mercy JA, Zwi AB, Lozano R, editors. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2002 [cited 2018 Nov 8]. Available from: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/42495\/9241545615_eng.pdf;jsessionid=A382BC2C45697E2E66A146291036337C?sequence=1."},{"key":"2943_CR12","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Health care for women subjected to intimate partner violence or sexual violence A clinical handbook [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2020 Dec 23]. Available from: www.who.int."},{"issue":"11","key":"2943_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e041339","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041339","volume":"10","author":"L Tarzia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tarzia L, Bohren MA, Cameron J, Garcia-Moreno C, O\u2019Doherty L, Fiolet R, et al. Women\u2019s experiences and expectations after disclosure of intimate partner abuse to a healthcare provider: a qualitative meta-synthesis. BMJ Open. 2020;10(11):e041339.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"2943_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e058582","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058582","volume":"12","author":"E Korab-Chandler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Korab-Chandler E, Kyei-Onanjiri M, Cameron J, Hegarty K, Tarzia L. Women\u2019s experiences and expectations of intimate partner abuse identification in healthcare settings: a qualitative evidence synthesis. BMJ Open. 2022;12(7):e058582.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2943_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP1299","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605221090563","volume":"38","author":"L Tarzia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tarzia L, Hegarty K. He\u2019d tell me I was frigid and Ugly and Force me to have sex with him anyway: women\u2019s experiences of co-occurring sexual violence and psychological abuse in Heterosexual relationships. J Interpers Violence. 2023;38(1\u20132):NP1299\u2013319.","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"issue":"3","key":"2943_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838016659484","volume":"19","author":"S Lanthier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lanthier S, Du Mont J, Mason R. Responding to delayed Disclosure of sexual assault in Health settings: a systematic review. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2018;19(3):251\u201365.","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"2943_CR17","unstructured":"Hegarty K, McKenzie M, McLindon E, Addison M, Hameed M, Tarzia L. \u2019I just felt like I was running around in a circle\u2019: Listening to the voices of victims and perpetrators to transform responses to intimate partner violence [Internet]. Sydney; 2022 [cited 2023 Mar 27]. Available from: https:\/\/www.anrows.org.au\/publication\/i-just-felt-like-i-was-running-around-in-a-circle-listening-to-the-voices-of-victims-and-perpetrators-to-transform-responses-to-intimate-partner-violence\/."},{"key":"2943_CR18","unstructured":"Boxall H, Morgan A. Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of women in Australia [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Mar 10]. Available from: https:\/\/www.anrows.org.au\/publication\/intimate-partner-violence-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-a-survey-of-women-in-australia\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2463-1","volume":"17","author":"C Shimmin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shimmin C, Wittmeier KDM, Lavoie JG, Wicklund ED, Sibley KM. Moving towards a more inclusive patient and public involvement in health research paradigm: the incorporation of a trauma-informed intersectional analysis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"23\u201324","key":"2943_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4765","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519871530","volume":"34","author":"R Campbell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Campbell R, Goodman-Williams R, Javorka M. A trauma-informed Approach to sexual Violence Research Ethics and Open Science. J Interpers Violence. 2019;34(23\u201324):4765\u201393.","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"issue":"2","key":"2943_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77\u2013101.","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2943_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2020.1769238","volume":"18","author":"V Braun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis? Qual Res Psychol. 2020;18(3):328\u201352.","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"2943_CR23","unstructured":"Miller J, Glassner B. The inside and the outside: Finding realities in interviews. In: Silverman D, editor. Qualitative Research. 3rd edition. London: SAGE; 2011."},{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1348\/000712600161646","volume":"91","author":"A Madill","year":"2000","unstructured":"Madill A, Jordan A, Shirley C. Objectivity and reliability in qualitative analysis: Realist, contextualist and radical constructionist epistemologies. Br J Psychol. 2000;91(1):1\u201320.","journal-title":"Br J Psychol"},{"key":"2943_CR25","volume-title":"Successful qualitative research: a practical guide for beginners","author":"V Braun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Successful qualitative research: a practical guide for beginners. London: SAGE; 2013."},{"key":"2943_CR26","unstructured":"QSR International Ptv Ltd. NVivo (Version 12). [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Mar 27]. Available from: 27\/03\/2023https:\/\/lumivero.com\/products\/nvivo\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.1.22","volume":"166","author":"GS Feder","year":"2006","unstructured":"Feder GS, Hutson M, Ramsay J, Taket AR. Women exposed to intimate Partner Violence. Expectations and experiences when they Encounter Health Care professionals: a Meta-analysis of qualitative studies. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(1):22.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06582-2","volume":"21","author":"L Tarzia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tarzia L, Cameron J, Watson J, Fiolet R, Baloch S, Robertson R, et al. Personal barriers to addressing intimate partner abuse: a qualitative meta-synthesis of healthcare practitioners\u2019 experiences. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21(1):1\u201315.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2943_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0234067","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234067","volume":"15","author":"K Hegarty","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hegarty K, McKibbin G, Hameed M, Koziol-McLain J, Feder G, Tarzia L, et al. Health practitioners\u2019 readiness to address domestic violence and abuse: a qualitative meta-synthesis. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(6):e0234067.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.1.1","volume":"180","author":"A Faulkner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Faulkner A, Thomas P. User-led research and evidence-based medicine. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;180(1):1\u20133.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"2943_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2018.1520973","volume":"27","author":"A Sweeney","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sweeney A, Taggart D. (Mis)understanding trauma-informed approaches in mental health. J Mental Health. 2018;27(5):383\u20137.","journal-title":"J Mental Health"},{"issue":"14","key":"2943_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801220971352","volume":"27","author":"L Tarzia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tarzia L, Tyler M. Recognizing connections between intimate Partner sexual violence and pornography. Violence against Women. 2020;27(14):2687\u2013708.","journal-title":"Violence against Women"}],"container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-024-02943-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12905-024-02943-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-024-02943-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T17:02:54Z","timestamp":1707498174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12905-024-02943-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2943"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-024-02943-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6874","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The survey was approved by The University of Melbourne\u2019s Human Research Ethics Committee (ID number: 2057459). Informed consent was obtained through asking participants to read an Information Sheet prior to beginning the survey and to indicate their consent to participate through returning their survey. We followed guidelines on ethical research with survivors of interpersonal violence, including that research must be trauma-informed, protect safety and maximise choice and control over research involvement [, ].","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"110"}}