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Its prevalence in increased in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Vitamin D plays a key role in female reproduction through its impact on calcium homeostasis and neurotransmitters. We aimed to evaluate the effect of dairy products fortified with Vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> on RLS in women with PMS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted a 2.5-month, randomized, total-blinded clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of low-fat milk and yogurt fortified with vitamin D on RLS in women with PMS. Among 141 middle-aged women with abdominal obesity, 71 and 70 cases received fortified and non-fortified low-fat dairy products, respectively. All subjects completed a Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) and RLS questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results showed that in the women with severe PMS (PSST\u2009&gt;\u200928), serum levels of vitamin D increased significantly following vitamin D fortification. The mean restless legs score in the severe PMS subgroup (PSST\u2009&gt;\u200928) was significantly lower after the intervention (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05. Serum Vitamin D levels significantly differed between intervention and control groups in all individuals (PSST\u2009&lt;\u200919, PSST 19\u201328, and PSST\u2009&gt;\u200928) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but no significant differences were found between RLS scores of the intervention and control groups in the three PMS subgroups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fortifying dairy products with vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> can increase the serum levels of vitamin D and reduce the RLS severity in women with severe PMS, but not in other groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-024-03159-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T09:05:31Z","timestamp":1722330331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of dairy products fortified with vitamin d3 on restless legs syndrome in women with premenstrual syndrome, abdominal obesity and vitamin d deficiency: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Payam","family":"Sharifan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toktam","family":"Sahranavard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Rashidmayvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Darroudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Vahedi","family":"Fard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimia","family":"Mohammadhasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Mansoori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeid","family":"Eslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Safarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Afshari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Bagherniya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Tayefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Khadem-Rezaiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamideh","family":"Ghazizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Ferns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitra","family":"Rezaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Ghayour-Mobarhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"3159_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.03.027","volume":"20","author":"P Srivanitchapoom","year":"2014","unstructured":"Srivanitchapoom P, Pandey S, Hallett M. 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