{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:46:00Z","timestamp":1788432360030,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718841600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Civilian war and internal conflicts increase the incidences of mental health conditions among war survivors. It is crucial to assess war-related psychological consequences in war-affected areas in Ethiopia to intervene in the future. Thus, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of psychological distress and associated factors of psychological distress among war survivor women in Northern, Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted, and 1596 war survivor women were recruited to participate using a face-to-face interviews with a census sampling technique from May 1\u201330, 2022. The psychological distress was assessed using a Kessler psychological distress scale (K10). Bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analyses were used, and variables with a <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value less than 0.05 in the multivariable analyses were considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this study, the response rate was 100% and the prevalence of psychological distress was 44.90% at a 95% CI: (42.40, 47.40). Psychological distress was significantly associated with the education of ability to read and write (AOR\u2009=\u20092.92; 95% CI: 2.12, 4.01), primary education and above (AOR\u2009=\u20093.08; 95% CI: 2.09, 4.54), housewife (AOR\u2009=\u20095.07; 95%CI: 2.64, 9.74), farmer (AOR\u2009=\u20098.92; 95%CI: 4.03, 19.70), emotional violence (AOR\u2009=\u20091.52; 95%CI: 1.05, 2.18), physical violence (AOR\u2009=\u20093.85; 95%CI: 2.37, 6.26) and sexual violence (AOR\u2009=\u20093.25; 95%CI: 1.98, 5.33) whereas being separate was protective for psychological distress (AOR\u2009=\u20090.38; 95%CI: 0.16, 0.92).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of psychological distress was found to be high. Therefore, women who are housewives, married, farmers, educated, and who have experienced violence must be the focus of governmental and private collaborative interventions to prevent war-related psychological morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-024-03161-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T10:03:20Z","timestamp":1718877800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Magnitude of psychological distress and associated factors among war survivor women in Northern, Ethiopia, 2022: a community-based cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Endalamaw","family":"Salelew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohannes Awoke","family":"Assefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rediet","family":"Getachew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goshu","family":"Nenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biruk","family":"Fanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadele","family":"Amare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demeke","family":"Demilew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Endalkachew","family":"Dellie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andualem Yalew","family":"Aschalew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geta","family":"Asrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zelalem","family":"Demeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kegnie","family":"Shitu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getachew Azeze","family":"Eriku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanyalew","family":"Worku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alemu Kassaw","family":"Kibret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsegaye Gebremedhin","family":"Haile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melkamu Tamir","family":"Hunegnaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haileab","family":"Fekadu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayenew","family":"Molla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysheshim Kassahun","family":"Belew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmamaw","family":"Atnafu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadesse","family":"Guadu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mezgebu","family":"Yitayal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Netsanet","family":"Worku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kassahun Alemu","family":"Gelaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Telake","family":"Azale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadesse","family":"Awoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3161_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1177\/0022002715600755","volume":"61","author":"N-C Bormann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bormann N-C, Cederman L-E, Vogt M. Language, religion, and ethnic civil war. J Conflict Resolut. 2017;61(4):744\u201371.","journal-title":"J Conflict Resolut"},{"issue":"9","key":"3161_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1177\/0022002717721385","volume":"61","author":"L-E Cederman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cederman L-E, Vogt M. Dynamics and logics of civil war. J Conflict Resolut. 2017;61(9):1992\u20132016.","journal-title":"J Conflict Resolut"},{"issue":"10194","key":"3161_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30934-1","volume":"394","author":"F Charlson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Charlson F, van Ommeren M, Flaxman A, Cornett J, Whiteford H, Saxena S. New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2019;394(10194):240\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3161_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rathi A. Psychological Impact of victims of War and Conflict. American Psychological Association (APA) https:\/\/www.apa.org\/international\/united-nations\/un-matters\/rathi-war.pdf. 2015.","DOI":"10.1037\/e512952016-001"},{"issue":"4","key":"3161_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199307000-00001","volume":"32","author":"PS Jensen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jensen PS, Shaw J. Children as victims of war: current knowledge and future research needs. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1993;32(4):697\u2013708.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"3161_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charlson F, van Ommeren M, Flaxman A, Cornett J, Whiteford H, Saxena SJTL. New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2019;394(10194):240\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30934-1"},{"key":"3161_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luitel NP, Jordans MJ, Sapkota RP, Tol WA, Kohrt BA, Thapa SB et al. Conflict and mental health: a cross-sectional epidemiological study in Nepal. 2013;48:183\u2009\u2013\u200993.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0539-0"},{"key":"3161_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Renner A, J\u00e4ckle D, Nagl M, Hoffmann R, R\u00f6hr S, Jung F et al. Predictors of psychological distress in Syrian refugees with posttraumatic stress in Germany. 2021;16(8):e0254406.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254406"},{"key":"3161_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d8stergaard MLD, Aponte-Canencio DM, Barajas Ortiz Y, Velez Botero HJ, Simon Modvig J, Brasholt MJM et al. conflict,. Vulnerability factors in conflict-related mental health. 2023;39(1):63\u201380.","DOI":"10.1080\/13623699.2022.2156232"},{"issue":"suppl3","key":"3161_CR10","first-page":"ckx187","volume":"27","author":"PJTEJPH Tingh\u00f6g","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tingh\u00f6g PJTEJPH. Mental ill-health, trauma and adverse post-migratory experiences among refugees from Syria in Sweden. Petter Tingh\u00f6g. 2017;27(suppl3):ckx187.","journal-title":"Petter Tingh\u00f6g"},{"key":"3161_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tutlam NT, Flick LH, Xian H, Matsuo H, Glowinski A, Tutdeal NJGSW. Trauma-associated psychiatric disorders among South Sudanese Dinka and Nuer women resettled in the USA. 2020;7:189\u201399.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40609-020-00171-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"3161_CR12","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"B Roberts","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roberts B, Damundu EY, Lomoro O, Sondorp, EJBp. Post-conflict mental health needs: a cross-sectional survey of trauma, depression and associated factors in Juba. South Sudan. 2009;9(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"South Sudan"},{"key":"3161_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Familiar I, Hall B, Bundervoet T, Verwimp P, Bass JJC. Exploring psychological distress in Burundi during and after the armed conflict. 2016;52:32\u20138.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-015-9902-4"},{"key":"3161_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan MN, Chiumento A, Dherani M, Bristow K, Sikander S, Rahman AJC et al. Psychological distress and its associations with past events in pregnant women affected by armed conflict in Swat, Pakistan: a cross sectional study. 2015;9(1):1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-015-0063-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"3161_CR15","first-page":"353","volume":"97","author":"G Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim G, Torbay R, Lawry LJA. Basic health, women\u2019s health, and mental health among internally displaced persons in Nyala Province, South Darfur. Sudan. 2007;97(2):353\u201361.","journal-title":"Sudan"},{"key":"3161_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tareke SA, Lelisho ME, Shibeshi AH, Muze MQ, Jabir YN, Wolde KS et al. Depressive symptoms among residents of south Wollo Zone in Northern Ethiopia after the liberation of invasion of TPLF led force. 2023;9(2).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13600"},{"key":"3161_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gebreyesus A, Niguse AT, Shishay F, Mamo L, Gebremedhin T, Tsegay K et al. Prevalence of depression and associated factors among community hosted internally displaced people of Tigray; during war and siege. 2024;24(1):3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05333-3"},{"key":"3161_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madoro D, Mengistu N, Molla WJND. Treatment. Association of Conflict-Affected Environment on Ethiopian Students\u2019 Mental Health and Its Correlates During COVID-19 Era. 2021:3283-92.","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S338073"},{"key":"3161_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tadese M, Tessema SD, Mihretie A, Wake GE, Teshome HN, Mulu GB et al. Perceived stress and its associated factors among people living in post-war districts of Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. 2022;17(12):e0279571.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279571"},{"key":"3161_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kassaye A, Demilew D, Fanta B, Mulat H, Ali D, Seid J et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among war-affected residents in Woldia town, North East Ethiopia, 2022; community based cross-sectional study. 2023;18(12):e0292848.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292848"},{"key":"3161_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teshome AA, Abebe EC, Mengstie MA, Seid MA, Yitbarek GY, Molla YM et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among adult war survivors in Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based, cross-sectional study. 2023;14:1083138.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1083138"},{"key":"3161_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madoro D, Kerebih H, Habtamu Y, G\/tsadik M, Mokona H, Molla A et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among internally displaced people in South Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. 2020:2317\u201326.","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S267307"},{"key":"3161_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birhan Z, Deressa Y, Shegaw M, Asnakew S, Mekonen, TJBp. Posttraumatic stress disorder in a war-affected area of Northeast Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. 2023;23(1):627.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05116-w"},{"key":"3161_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali D, Azale T, Wondie M. Tadesse JJPr, management b. About six in ten survivors of the november 2020 Maikadra massacre suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder, northwest Ethiopia. 2022:251\u2009\u2013\u200960.","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S338823"},{"key":"3161_CR25","unstructured":"Orrnert A. Implications of not addressing mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) needs in conflict situations. 2019."},{"key":"3161_CR26","volume-title":"Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ministry of health","author":"A Ababa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ababa A. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ministry of health. Ethiopia: Postnatal Care; 2003."},{"issue":"2","key":"3161_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12064","volume":"21","author":"A Nickerson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nickerson A, Bryant RA, Rosebrock L, Litz BT. The mechanisms of psychosocial injury following human rights violations, mass trauma, and torture. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2014;21(2):172\u201391.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci Pract"},{"key":"3161_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004482005","volume-title":"Women, armed conflict and international law","author":"JG Gardam","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gardam JG, Jarvis MJ. Women, armed conflict and international law. Armed Conflict and International Law: Brill Nijhoff;: Women; 2001. pp. 1\u201318."},{"issue":"6","key":"3161_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20453","volume":"34","author":"UA Kelly","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kelly UA, Skelton K, Patel M, Bradley B. More than military sexual trauma: interpersonal violence, PTSD, and mental health in women veterans. Res Nurs Health. 2011;34(6):457\u201367.","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"3161_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martz E. Trauma and Rehabilitation after War and Conflict. Springer; 2010.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5722-1"},{"key":"3161_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDonald L. Psychosocial rehabilitation of civilians in conflict-affected settings. Trauma rehabilitation after war and conflict: Community and individual perspectives. 2010:215\u2009\u2013\u200945.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5722-1_10"},{"key":"3161_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanielian TL, Tanielian T, Jaycox L. Invisible wounds of war: psychological and cognitive injuries, their consequences, and services to assist recovery. Rand Corporation; 2008.","DOI":"10.1037\/e527612010-001"},{"issue":"1","key":"3161_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2149","volume":"49","author":"F Khan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khan F, Amatya B, Butt A, Jamil K, Iqbal W, Elmalik A, et al. World Health Organisation Global Disability Action Plan 2014? 2021: challenges and perspectives for physical medicine and rehabilitation in Pakistan. J Rehabil Med. 2017;49(1):10\u201321.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3161_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-021-00548-w","volume":"79","author":"LC Sarmiento-Marulanda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sarmiento-Marulanda LC, Aguilera-Char AA, Gonz\u00e1lez-Gil C, L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez W. Psychosocial rehabilitation experiences of women victims of armed conflict in Montes De Mar\u00eda, Colombia. Archives Public Health. 2021;79(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"Archives Public Health"},{"key":"3161_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lukens EP, McFarlane WR. Psychoeducation as evidence-based practice. Found evidence-based Social work Pract. 2006;291.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195305944.003.0022"},{"key":"3161_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dadi AFJTLP. The mental health consequences of war in northern Ethiopia: why we should be concerned. 2022;9(3):194\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00013-X"},{"key":"3161_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musisi S, Kinyanda EJF. Long-term impact of war, civil war, and persecution in civilian populations\u2014conflict and post-traumatic stress in African communities. 2020;11:20.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00020"},{"issue":"2","key":"3161_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.2.184","volume":"60","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Barker PR, Colpe LJ, Epstein JF, Gfroerer JC, Hiripi E, et al. Screening for serious mental illness in the general population. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(2):184\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"3161_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.02.013","volume":"303","author":"B Milkias","year":"2022","unstructured":"Milkias B, Ametaj A, Alemayehu M, Girma E, Yared M, Kim HH, et al. Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Kessler-10 among Ethiopian adults. J Affect Disord. 2022;303:180\u20136.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"3161_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3703-5","volume":"31","author":"A Prins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Prins A, Bovin MJ, Smolenski DJ, Marx BP, Kimerling R, Jenkins-Guarnieri MA, et al. The primary care PTSD screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5): development and evaluation within a veteran primary care sample. J Gen Intern Med. 2016;31(10):1206\u201311.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"3161_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Moreno C, Jansen HA, Ellsberg M, Heise L, Watts C. WHO multi-country study on women\u2019s health and domestic violence against women. World Health Organization; 2005.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1121400"},{"key":"3161_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schraiber LB, Latorre MRDO, Fran\u00e7a I Jr, Segri NJ, d\u2019Oliveira, AFPLJRdsp. Validity of the WHO VAW study instrument for estimating gender-based violence against women. 2010;44:658\u2009\u2013\u200966.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102010000400009"},{"key":"3161_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s40609-020-00171-7","volume":"7","author":"NT Tutlam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tutlam NT, Flick LH, Xian H, Matsuo H, Glowinski A, Tutdeal N. Trauma-associated psychiatric disorders among South Sudanese Dinka and Nuer women resettled in the USA. Global Social Welf. 2020;7:189\u201399.","journal-title":"Global Social Welf"},{"key":"3161_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-020-01941-6","volume":"56","author":"C Acarturk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Acarturk C, McGrath M, Roberts B, Ilkkursun Z, Cuijpers P, Sijbrandij M, et al. Prevalence and predictors of common mental disorders among Syrian refugees in Istanbul, Turkey: a cross-sectional study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2021;56:475\u201384.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3161_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-015-0063-4","volume":"9","author":"MN Khan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khan MN, Chiumento A, Dherani M, Bristow K, Sikander S, Rahman A. Psychological distress and its associations with past events in pregnant women affected by armed conflict in Swat, Pakistan: a cross sectional study. Confl Health. 2015;9(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"3161_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64742","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064742","volume":"8","author":"C Siriwardhana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Siriwardhana C, Adikari A, Pannala G, Siribaddana S, Abas M, Sumathipala A, et al. Prolonged internal displacement and common mental disorders in Sri Lanka: the COMRAID study. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(5):e64742.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3161_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00393","volume":"9","author":"E Georgiadou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Georgiadou E, Zbidat A, Schmitt GM, Erim Y. Prevalence of mental distress among Syrian refugees with residence permission in Germany: a registry-based study. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:393.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3161_CR48","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"I Familiar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Familiar I, Muniina PN, Dolan C, Ogwal M, Serwadda D, Kiyingi H, et al. Conflict-related violence and mental health among self-settled Democratic Republic of Congo female refugees in Kampala. Uganda\u2013a Respond Driven Sampl Surv. 2021;15(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Uganda\u2013a Respond Driven Sampl Surv"},{"issue":"1","key":"3161_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-017-0634-7","volume":"16","author":"M Blanquet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blanquet M, Labbe-Lobertreau E, Sass C, Berger D, Gerbaud L. Occupational status as a determinant of mental health inequities in French young people: is fairness needed? Results of a cross-sectional multicentre observational survey. Int J Equity Health. 2017;16(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3161_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-022-00910-1","volume":"21","author":"V Kaplan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaplan V. Mental health states of housewives: an evaluation in terms of self-perception and codependency. Int J Mental Health Addict. 2023;21(1):666\u201383.","journal-title":"Int J Mental Health Addict"},{"key":"3161_CR51","unstructured":"Women U. International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women. 2019."},{"key":"3161_CR52","first-page":"1","volume":"2021","author":"S Ayele","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ayele S, Alemayehu M, Fikadu E, Tarekegn GE. Prevalence and associated factors of depression among pregnant mothers who had intimate partner violence during pregnancy attending antenatal care at Gondar University Hospital Northwest Ethiopia in 2020. Biomed Res Int. 2021;2021:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3161_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-020-00950-6","volume":"20","author":"T Hisasue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hisasue T, Kruse M, Raitanen J, Paavilainen E, Rissanen P. Quality of life, psychological distress and violence among women in close relationships: a population-based study in Finland. BMC Womens Health. 2020;20(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3161_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01770-6","volume":"22","author":"J Sewalem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sewalem J, Molla A. Mental distress and associated factors among women who experienced gender based violence and attending court in South Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 2022;22(1):187.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-024-03161-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12905-024-03161-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-024-03161-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T10:05:32Z","timestamp":1718877932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12905-024-03161-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-024-03161-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6874","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Gondar. Prior to the data collection, the participants were provided sufficient information about the purposes, objectives and relevance of the study, and allowed them to choose the right to participate or refuse. Written informed consent was taken from the participants and the legally authorized representatives for those illiterate participants. Confidentiality was maintained by omitting personal identifiers. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"356"}}