{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T08:14:00Z","timestamp":1772698440036,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004337","name":"Roche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-025-04151-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T07:23:20Z","timestamp":1772695400000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interest of PD-L1 in the management of triple negative breast cancers in Ivorian patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"A\u00efssatou","family":"Diallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguiessan Alphonse","family":"Aman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brahima","family":"Traore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zana Isma\u00ebl","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boadou Franck Arnaud","family":"Kouacou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moro Richard","family":"Nzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brahima","family":"Doukoure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohenou Isidore","family":"Diomande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"4151_CR1","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L et al. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/gco.iarc.who.int\/today.\u00a0Accessed 10 Feb 2025."},{"key":"4151_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11412","volume":"490","author":"The Cancer Genome Atlas Network","year":"2012","unstructured":"The Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 2012;490:61\u201370.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6797","key":"4151_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/35021093","volume":"406","author":"CM Perou","year":"2000","unstructured":"Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB, Van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, Rees CA, et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumors. Nature. 2000;406(6797):747\u201352.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"4151_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt303","volume":"24","author":"A Goldhirsch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goldhirsch A, Winer EP, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Piccart-Gebhart M, Th\u00fcrlimann B, et al. Personalizing the treatment of women with early breast cancer: highlights of the St Gallen international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2013. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(9):2206\u201323.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4151_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-011-1730-9","volume":"69","author":"P Skarlos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Skarlos P, Christodoulou C, Kalogeras KT, Eleftheraki AG, Bobos M, Batistatou A, et al. Triple-negative phenotype is of adverse prognostic value in patients treated with dose-dense sequential adjuvant chemotherapy: a translational research analysis in the context of a Hellenic cooperative on cology group (HeCOG) randomized phase III trial. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2012;69(2):533\u201346.","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4151_CR6","first-page":"438","volume":"69","author":"CE De Santis","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Santis CE, Ma J, Gaudet MM, Newman LA, Miller KD, Sauer AG, et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2019. Ca Cancer J Clin. 2019;69(6):438\u201351.","journal-title":"Ca Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"4151_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2019.33.22.18189","volume":"33","author":"B Traor\u00e9","year":"2019","unstructured":"Traor\u00e9 B, Koulibaly M, Diallo A, Bah M. Molecular profile of breast cancers in Guinea oncological settings. Pan Afr Med J. 2019;33:22.","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"4151_CR8","first-page":"119","volume":"1","author":"E Ndounga","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ndounga E, Bambara AT, Lebwaze MB, Mabiala Y, Bolenga LAF, Mounkassa D, et al. Etude des caract\u00e9ristiques \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques cliniques et \u00e9volutifs des cancers du Sein triple n\u00e9gatif du centre hospitalier et universitaire de Brazzaville. Rev Afr Malg Rech Sc S. 2019;1(2):119\u201325.","journal-title":"Rev Afr Malg Rech Sc S"},{"issue":"4","key":"4151_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2016.17.4.1973","volume":"17","author":"AB Effi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Effi AB, Aman NA, Koui BS, Koffi KD, Traore ZC, Kouyat\u00e9 M. Breast cancer molecular subtypes defined by ER\/PR and HER2 status: association with clinic-pathologic parameters in Ivoirian patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(4):1973\u201378.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4151_CR10","first-page":"3","volume":"18","author":"B Doukoure","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doukoure B, Darre T, Aman NA, Traore ZC, Toure I, Koffi KD, et al. Classification mol\u00e9culaire des cancers du Sein \u00e0 Abidjan. Rev Afr Pathol. 2019;18(1):3\u201312.","journal-title":"Rev Afr Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4151_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-020-01296-5","volume":"22","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Y, Jiang-Jie D, Xiu-Wu B, Shi-Cang Y. Triple-negative breast cancer molecular subtyping and treatment progress. Breast Cancer R. 2020;22(1):61.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer R"},{"issue":"4","key":"4151_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13040746","volume":"13","author":"B Grandal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grandal B, Mangiardi-Veltin M, Laas E, La\u00e9 M, Meseure D, Bataillon G, et al. PD-L1 expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancers is associated with aggressive residual disease, suggesting a potential for immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(4):746.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"4151_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_159135","volume":"35","author":"CK Anders","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anders CK, Abramson V, Tan T, Dent R. The evolution of triple negative breast cancer: from biology to novel therapeutics. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2016;35:34\u201342.","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book"},{"key":"4151_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12071073","volume":"12","author":"S Marletta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marletta S, Fusco N, Munari E, Luchini C, Cimadamore A, Brunelli M, et al. Atlas of PD-L1 for pathologists: indications, scores, diagnostic platforms and reporting systems. J Pers Med. 2022;12:1073.","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"4151_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1159\/000510812","volume":"15","author":"R Erber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Erber R, Hartmann A. Understanding PD-L1 testing in breast cancer: a practical approach. Breast Care. 2020;15:481\u201390.","journal-title":"Breast Care"},{"key":"4151_CR16","first-page":"27","volume":"12","author":"S Wen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wen S, Manuel L, Doolan M, Westhuyzen J, Shakespeare TP, Aherne NJ. Effect of clinical and treatment factors on survival outcomes of triple negative breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press. 2020;12:27\u201335.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press"},{"key":"4151_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1750925","volume":"1","author":"B Cerbelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cerbelli B, Pernazza A, Botticelli A, Fortunato L, Monti M, Sciattella P, et al. PD-L1 expression in TNBC: A predictive biomarker of response to neoadjuvant chemiotherapy? BioMed Res Inter. 2017;1:1\u20137.","journal-title":"BioMed Res Inter"},{"issue":"4","key":"4151_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e313","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyab063","volume":"27","author":"Y Ni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ni Y, Julia Y, Tsang JY, Yan Shao Y, Poon IK, Tam F, Shea KH, Tse GM, et al. Combining analysis of Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and PD-L1 refined the prognostication of breast cancer subtypes. Oncologist. 2022;27(4):e313\u201327.","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"7","key":"4151_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv192","volume":"26","author":"HR Ali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ali HR, Glont SE, Blows FM, Provenzano E, Dawson SJ, Liu B, et al. PD-L1 protein expression in breast cancer is rare, enriched in basal-like tumours and associated with infiltrating lymphocytes. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(7):1488\u201393.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4151_CR20","first-page":"37","volume":"95","author":"S Darouich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Darouich S, El Hadj OEA, Betaieb I, Goucha A, Dhiab T, Rahal K, et al. Triple negative breast cancer: a clinico-epidemiological and Histopronostic study of 90 cases. Tunis Med. 2017;95(1):37\u201344.","journal-title":"Tunis Med"},{"key":"4151_CR21","first-page":"30","volume":"42","author":"SB Hammouda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hammouda SB, Abdessayed N, Abdeljelil NB, Hanchi H, H\u2019mida D, Mokni. Triple negative breast cancer: clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics. Pan Afr Med J. 2022;42:30.","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4151_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-022-01563-7","volume":"24","author":"H Onagi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Onagi H, Horimoto Y, Sakaguchi A, Ikarashi D, Yanagisawa N, Nakayama T, et al. High platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in triple-negative breast cancer associates with immunosuppressive status of TILs. Breast Cancer Res. 2022;24(1):67.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"issue":"18","key":"4151_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4479","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15184479","volume":"15","author":"A Giuseppe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giuseppe A, Broggi G, Tinnirello G, Puzzo L, Vecchio GM, Salvatorelli L, et al. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) and PD-L1 expression in breast cancer: A review of current evidence and prognostic implications from pathologist\u2019s perspective. Cancers. 2023;15(18):4479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15184479.","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"13","key":"4151_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14133042","volume":"14","author":"SH Baek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baek SH, Kim JH, Bae SJ, Ji JH, Lee Y, Jeong J, et al. SP142 PD-L1 assays in multiple samples from the same patients with early or advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(13):3042.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4151_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30904-X","volume":"19","author":"C Denkert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Denkert C, von Minckwitz G, Darb-Esfahani S, Lederer B, Heppner BI, Weber KE, et al. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and prognosis in different subtypes of breast cancer: a pooled analysis of 3771 patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(1):40\u201350.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"18","key":"4151_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5717","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-1131","volume":"25","author":"A Matikas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matikas A, Zerdes I, L\u00f6vrot J, Richard F, Sotiriou C, Bergh J, et al. Prognostic implications of PD-L1 expression in breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of immunohistochemistry and pooled analysis of transcriptomic data. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(18):5717\u201326.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4151_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djab121","volume":"114","author":"SS Badve","year":"2022","unstructured":"Badve SS, Penault-Llorca F, Reis-Filho J, Deurloo R, Siziopikou KP, D\u2019Arrigo C, et al. Determining PD-L1 status in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: lessons learned from IMpassion130. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2022;114(5):664\u201375.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"5","key":"4151_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2023.24.5.1453","volume":"24","author":"PAT Adiputra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adiputra PAT, Sudarsa IW, Wihandani DM, Saputra IPGS, Wiranata S, Supadmanaba IGP. Analysis of PD-L1 expression in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis in Asian population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2023;24(5):1453\u201362.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"}],"container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-025-04151-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12905-025-04151-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-025-04151-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T07:23:25Z","timestamp":1772695405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12905-025-04151-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-025-04151-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6874","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ivory Coast Advisory National Bioethics Committee. All study procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients in the present study gave written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"144"}}