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The aim of this systematic scoping review was to map and summarize the available evidence on the prevalence, burden, treatment, and barriers to accessing treatment for HMB in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a review of published data in nine databases and included studies published from 1 January 2000 to 28 October 2024. Covidence was used for screening and data extraction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 376 eligible studies conducted in 46 countries. Most of the studies (300, 80%) reported on the treatment of HMB (including 9 studies on treatment and burden), 55 reported on prevalence, 19 reported on burden (including 12 studies on burden and prevalence) and two studies reported on barriers to providing treatment. A total of 55 systematic reviews were included. Prevalence of HMB ranged from 5% to 58%, using a variety of diagnostic and reporting methods. Burdens of HMB included impaired QoL, mental health issues, economic burdens, and health concerns such as anemia. The use of a hormonal intrauterine device was the most commonly reported treatment for HMB (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009120), followed by progestin (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200941), combined oral contraceptives (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200936), gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200931), and tranexamic acid (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200923). Thirty studies focused on herbal treatment. Lack of knowledge and misunderstanding of treatment options for HMB were mentioned as barriers for HMB treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of HMB and the variety of treatment options available indicate that HMB is a condition that should not be underestimated and has a large impact on women\u2019s health and well-being. There is a need for reliable, good-quality studies on the prevalence, burden, and treatment access barriers of HMB, especially in LMICs where HMB more often leads to iron deficiency anaemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-025-04157-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T13:24:50Z","timestamp":1764422690000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The prevalence and burden of heavy menstrual bleeding, and market access barriers of medical interventions with a focus on low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Ammerdorffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odyss\u00e9e","family":"Ferrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahlia","family":"Guneratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Makama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie R.A.","family":"McDougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jen","family":"Sothornwit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pisake","family":"Lumbiganon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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