{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T23:25:48Z","timestamp":1772148348580,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Province Higher Education Institutions","award":["20KJD320004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20KJD320004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-025-04211-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T09:47:43Z","timestamp":1765964863000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for endometrial injury: a meta-analysis of preclinical studies"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"YangYang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra Ghorbaninejad","family":"Koubanani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DaZhou","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4211_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005309","volume":"142","author":"Z Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan Z. Etiology, risk factors, and management of Asherman syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 2023;142(3):543\u201354.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.178632","volume":"9","author":"N Mahajan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mahajan N, Sharma S. The endometrium in assisted reproductive technology: how thin is thin? J Hum Reprod Sci. 2016;9(1):3\u20138.","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"4211_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-011723-021442","volume":"39","author":"CJ Ang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ang CJ, Skokan TD, McKinley KL. Mechanisms of regeneration and fibrosis in the endometrium. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2023;39:197\u2013221.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4211_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14667","volume":"47","author":"F Sevin\u00e7","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sevin\u00e7 F, Oskovi-Kaplan ZA, \u00c7elen \u015e, et al. Identifying the risk factors and incidence of Asherman syndrome in women with post-abortion uterine curettage. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2021;47(4):1549\u201355.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02848-6","volume":"13","author":"L Zang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zang L, Li Y, Hao H, et al. Efficacy and safety of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes: a single-center, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II trial. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):180.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"4211_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-023-00983-5","volume":"20","author":"X Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang X, Li Q, Liu W, et al. Mesenchymal stromal cells in hepatic fibrosis\/cirrhosis: from pathogenesis to treatment. Cell Mol Immunol. 2023;20(6):583\u201399.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"4211_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1096402","volume":"13","author":"P Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu P, Qian Y, Liu X, et al. Immunomodulatory role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in liver fibrosis. Front Immunol. 2023;13:1096402.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4211_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897231159561","volume":"32","author":"K Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen K, Zheng S, Fang F. Endometrial stem cells and their applications in intrauterine adhesion. Cell Transplant. 2023;32:9636897231159561.","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"4211_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao Y, Wu G, Xu Y, et al. Stem Cell-Based therapy for Asherman syndrome: promises and Challenges. Cell Transpl. 2021;30:9636897211020734.","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897211020734"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02496-2","volume":"12","author":"DY Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li DY, Li RF, Sun DX, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in pulmonary fibrosis: a meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;12(1):461.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02620-2","volume":"12","author":"YT Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song YT, Liu PC, Tan J, et al. Stem cell-based therapy for ameliorating intrauterine adhesion and endometrium injury. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;12(1):556.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"4211_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-43","volume":"14","author":"CR Hooijmans","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hooijmans CR, Rovers MM, de Vries RB, et al. Syrcle\u2019s risk of bias tool for animal studies. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14:43.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4211_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.5603\/FHC.a2020.0024","volume":"58","author":"NM Salama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salama NM, Zaghlol SS, Mohamed HH, et al. Suppression of the inflammation and fibrosis in Asherman syndrome rat model by mesenchymal stem cells: histological and immunohistochemical studies. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2020;58(3):208\u201318.","journal-title":"Folia Histochem Cytobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04454-7","volume":"12","author":"L Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang L, Li Y, Dong YC, et al. Transplantation of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes the recovery of thin endometrium in rats. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):412.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02682-2","volume":"13","author":"J Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang J, Zhang W, Yu J, et al. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells combined with PPCNg facilitate injured endometrial regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):17.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"4211_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2017.02.003","volume":"19","author":"L Gan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gan L, Duan H, Xu Q, et al. Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation improves endometrial regeneration in rodent models of intrauterine adhesions. Cytotherapy. 2017;19(5):603\u201316.","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"4211_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689720952055","volume":"29","author":"X Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han X, Ma Y, Lu X, et al. Transplantation of human adipose stem cells using acellular human amniotic membrane improves angiogenesis in injured endometrial tissue in a rat intrauterine adhesion model. Cell Transplant. 2020;29:963689720952055.","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"4211_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1017\/S096719941900042X","volume":"27","author":"X Shao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shao X, Ai G, Wang L, et al. Adipose-derived stem cells transplantation improves endometrial injury repair. Zygote. 2019;27(6):367\u201374.","journal-title":"Zygote"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2019.151465","volume":"122","author":"GS Saribas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saribas GS, Ozogul C, Tiryaki M, et al. Effects of uterus derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on asherman\u2019s syndrome. Acta Histochem. 2020;122(1):151465.","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"4211_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201801455","volume":"8","author":"B Xiao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiao B, Yang W, Lei D, et al. PGS scaffolds promote the in vivo survival and directional differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells restoring the morphology and function of wounded rat uterus. Adv Healthc Mater. 2019;8(5):e1801455.","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"4211_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5573594","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5573594","volume":"2021","author":"S Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang S, Shi C, Cai X, et al. Human acellular amniotic matrix with previously seeded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells restores endometrial function in a rat model of Injury. Mediators Inflamm. 2021;2021:5573594.","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"03","key":"4211_CR22","first-page":"240","volume":"20","author":"T Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin T, Donghong LI, Zhang L, et al. The experimental study of therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on rat endometrial damage. Chin J Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2019;20(03):240\u20132.","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4211_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10199-2","volume":"15","author":"M Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi M, Li YY, Xu RN, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in decompensated liver cirrhosis: a long-term follow-up analysis of the randomized controlled clinical trial. Hepatol Int. 2021;15(6):1431\u201341.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02689-9","volume":"13","author":"XN Xiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiang XN, Zhu SY, He HC, Yu X, Xu Y, He CQ. Mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapy for cartilage regeneration in knee osteoarthritis. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):14.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01852-y","volume":"11","author":"E Xiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiang E, Han B, Zhang Q, et al. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevent the progression of early diabetic nephropathy through inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020;11(1):336.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0700-5","volume":"8","author":"Q Shi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shi Q, Gao J, Jiang Y, et al. Differentiation of human umbilical cord wharton\u2019s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells into endometrial cells. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017;8(1):246.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03279-7","volume":"14","author":"N Mansouri-Kivaj","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mansouri-Kivaj N, Nazari A, Esfandiari F, et al. Homogenous subpopulation of human mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles restore function of endometrium in an experimental rat model of Asherman syndrome. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2023;14(1):61.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"4211_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e96662","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096662","volume":"9","author":"F Alawadhi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alawadhi F, Du H, Cakmak H, et al. Bone Marrow-Derived stem cell (BMDSC) transplantation improves fertility in a murine model of asherman\u2019s syndrome. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(5):e96662.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.1.81","volume":"292","author":"HS Taylor","year":"2004","unstructured":"Taylor HS. Endometrial cells derived from donor stem cells in bone marrow transplant recipients. JAMA. 2004;292(1):81\u20135.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"21","key":"4211_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113016","volume":"23","author":"SS Kuppa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kuppa SS, Kim HK, Kang JY, et al. Role of mesenchymal stem cells and their paracrine mediators in macrophage polarization: an approach to reduce inflammation in osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(21):13016.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02698-8","volume":"13","author":"N Gharibeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gharibeh N, Aghebati-Maleki L, Madani J, et al. Cell-based therapy in thin endometrium and Asherman syndrome. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):33.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-03001-z","volume":"13","author":"L Yao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao L, Hu X, Dai K, et al. Mesenchymal stromal cells: promising treatment for liver cirrhosis. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):308. Published 2022 Jul 15.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"4211_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-196803000-00009","volume":"6","author":"AJ Friedenstein","year":"1968","unstructured":"Friedenstein AJ, Petrakova KV, Kurolesova AI, et al. Heterotopic of bone marrow. Analysis of precursor cells for osteogenic and hematopoietic tissues. Transplantation. 1968;6(2):230\u201347.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689717742819","volume":"27","author":"M Magatti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Magatti M, Vertua E, Cargnoni A, et al. The immunomodulatory properties of amniotic cells: the two sides of the coin. Cell Transplant. 2018;27(1):31\u201344.","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"4211_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020970","volume":"22","author":"QW Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu QW, Huang QM, Wu HY, et al. Characteristics and therapeutic potential of human Amnion-Derived stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(2):970.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"4211_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2007.0154","volume":"17","author":"S Barlow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barlow S, Brooke G, Chatterjee K, et al. Comparison of human placenta- and bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2008;17(6):1095\u2013107.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"issue":"7","key":"4211_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2553","volume":"35","author":"SP Loukogeorgakis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Loukogeorgakis SP, De Coppi P. Concise review: amniotic fluid stem cells: the known, the unknown, and potential regenerative medicine applications. Stem Cells. 2017;35(7):1663\u201373.","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0801-9","volume":"9","author":"A Domnina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Domnina A, Novikova P, Obidina J, et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells in spheroids improve fertility in model animals with damaged endometrium. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018;9(1):50.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"8B","key":"4211_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2008.00641.x","volume":"13","author":"F Togel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Togel F, Zhang P, Hu Z, et al. VEGF is a mediator of the renoprotective effects of multipotent marrow stromal cells in acute kidney injury. J Cell Mol Med 2008;13(8B):2109\u201314.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med 2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01839-9","volume":"11","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Y, Xia WD, Van der Merwe L, et al. Efficacy of stem cell therapy for burn wounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020;11(1):322.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"4211_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew042","volume":"31","author":"X Santamaria","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santamaria X, Cabanillas S, Cervell\u00f3 I, et al. Autologous cell therapy with CD133\u2009+\u2009bone marrow-derived stem cells for refractory Asherman\u2019s syndrome and endometrial atrophy: a pilot cohort study. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(5):1087\u201396.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_64_19","volume":"13","author":"N Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh N, Shekhar B, Mohanty S, et al. Autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell therapy for Asherman\u2019s syndrome and endometrial atrophy: a 5-year follow-up study. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2020;13(1):31\u20137.","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0904-3","volume":"9","author":"Y Cao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cao Y, Sun H, Zhu H, et al. Allogeneic cell therapy using umbilical cord MSCs on collagen scaffolds for patients with recurrent uterine adhesion: a phase I clinical trial. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018;9(1):192.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4211_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02756-9","volume":"13","author":"J Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang J, Li Q, Yuan X, et al. Intrauterine infusion of clinically graded human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of poor healing after uterine injury: a phase I clinical trial. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):85.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"4211_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.639315","volume":"12","author":"P Petrou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petrou P, Kassis I, Ginzberg A, et al. Long-term clinical and immunological effects of repeated mesenchymal stem cell injections in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. Front Neurol. 2021;12:639315.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4211_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2024.09.005","volume":"27","author":"OA Pico","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pico OA, Espinoza F, C\u00e1diz MI, et al. Efficacy of a single dose of cryopreserved human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study. Cytotherapy. 2025;27(2):188\u2013200.","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"4211_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.5.2731","volume":"172","author":"J Mestas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mestas J, Hughes CC. Of mice and not men: differences between mouse and human immunology. J Immunol. 2004;172(5):2731\u20138.","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-025-04211-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12905-025-04211-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-025-04211-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T13:03:29Z","timestamp":1769000609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12905-025-04211-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-025-04211-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6874","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"41"}}