{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T19:37:08Z","timestamp":1787945828266,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781308800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":67,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"A grant-in-aid for the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Japan","award":["16K12097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K12097"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women\u2019s delayed childbearing results in negative effects on maternal health and may restrict women from achieving their reproductive goals. By the age of 30 years, Japanese women are typically in the process of acquiring a more autonomous and fulfilling work status. Conversely, this is also the time when women experience a decline in fertility. Therefore, it is necessary to explore how reproductive and career visions affect intentions and behaviors toward the Reproductive Life Plan (RLP) to build support for achieving their reproductive goals. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between RLP and the reproductive and career visions of employed, married, and childless Japanese women in their 30s.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We administered a questionnaire comprising 29 items on RLP (i.e., pregnancy timing considerations and attitudes favoring pregnancy delay), reproductive and career visions, and participants\u2019 demographics. A multi-logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing \u201cabsence of pregnancy timing consideration\u201d and \u201cattitude favoring pregnancy delay.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately half of the participants had completed a university education, most of them were in non-management positions, and 36.1% were working 40 h or more per week. The average number of desired children was 1.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6. The factor \u201cabsence of pregnancy timing consideration\u201d was associated with education, marriage duration, infertility concerns, self-perceived pregnancy probability, the number of desired children, and the intention to return to work after delivery. \u201cAttitude favoring pregnancy delay\u201d was associated with infertility concerns, scores of fertility knowledge, the interval between the ideal age for the first pregnancy and current age, the number of desired children, and working more than 40 h per week.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Absence of pregnancy timing consideration\u201d and \u201cAttitude favoring pregnancy delay\u201d were associated with different factors. Developing support systems for RLP, including the development of reproductive and career visions, will help prevent delayed childbearing among employed, married, and childless Japanese women in their 30s.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-026-04600-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T02:37:12Z","timestamp":1781318232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors of the reproductive life plan for married and employed Japanese women considering having children"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Shizuko","family":"Angerhofer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikako","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumi","family":"Atogami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuka","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Takeishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toyoko","family":"Yoshizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"4600_CR1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. 2024 Overview of Monthly Population Statistics. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/toukei\/saikin\/hw\/jinkou\/geppo\/nengai24\/dl\/gaikyouR6.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2025."},{"key":"4600_CR2","unstructured":"Director-General for Statistics and Information Policy. Vital Statistics in Japan: Trends up to 2016. Tokyo Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare 2018 Available from: https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/toukei\/list\/dl\/81-1a2.pdf [in Japanese]."},{"key":"4600_CR3","unstructured":"National Institute of Population and Social Security Research. Population statistics collection. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.ipss.go.jp\/syoushika\/tohkei\/Popular\/P_Detail2023.asp?fname=T04-17.htm. Accessed 10 Aug 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"4600_CR4","first-page":"4","volume":"27","author":"N Maeda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maeda N, Kataoka Y, Horiuchi EH. Literature review of risk factors and preventive interventions for postpartum hemorrhage. J Japan Acad Midw. 2013;27(1):4\u201315 [in Japanese].","journal-title":"J Japan Acad Midw"},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56583","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056583","volume":"8","author":"LC Kenny","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kenny LC, Lavender T, McNamee R, O\u2019Neil SM, Mills T, Khashan AS. Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcome: Evidence from a large contemporary cohort. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(2):e56583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0056583. Cited 2020 Jan 07.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"10","key":"4600_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2014.990560","volume":"36","author":"MM Islam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Islam MM, Bakheit CS. Advanced maternal age and risks for adverse pregnancy outcome: a population-based study in Oman. Health Care Women Int. 2015;36(10):1081\u2013103.","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"4600_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0186287","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186287","volume":"12","author":"SC Lean","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lean SC, Derricott H, Jones RL, Heazell AEP. Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(10):e0186287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0186287. Cited 2019 Dec 27.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"4600_CR8","first-page":"18","volume":"31","author":"SJ Bartling","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bartling SJ, Zito PM. Overview of pelvic floor dysfunction associated with pregnancy. Int J Childbirth Educ. 2016;31(1):18\u201320.","journal-title":"Int J Childbirth Educ"},{"issue":"8","key":"4600_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.11236\/jph.66.8_397","volume":"66","author":"M Naito","year":"2019","unstructured":"Naito M, Tsushima M, Hayata M, Senjyu R, Ueda S, Mizushima H, et al. Relationship between pregnancy factors and low birth weight infants, miscarriages, and stillbirths: A follow-up survey on birth conditions of pregnant women who received the maternal and child health handbook from public health nurses and midwives. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2019;66(8):397\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11236\/jph.66.8_397. [in Japanese]. Cited 2020 Feb 07.","journal-title":"Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi."},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2018.12.007","volume":"48","author":"SL Hipp","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hipp SL, Chung-Do J, McFarlane E. Systematic review of interventions for reproductive life planning. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2019;48(2):131\u20139.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des402","volume":"28","author":"L Bunting","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bunting L, Tsibulsky I, Boivin J. Fertility knowledge and beliefs about fertility treatment: Findings from the international fertility decision-making study. Hum Reprod. 2013;28(2):385\u201397.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"4600_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-12-10","volume":"12","author":"E Maeda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maeda E, Sugimori H, Nakamura F, Kobayashi Y, Green J, Suka M, et al. A cross sectional study on fertility knowledge in Japan, measured with the Japanese version of Cardiff Fertility Knowledge Scale (CFKS-J). Reprod Health. 2015;12:10.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1265\/jjh.73.185","volume":"73","author":"E Nishioka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nishioka E. Trends in research on adolescent sexuality education, fertility awareness, and the possibility of life planning based on reproductive health education. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2018;73(2):185\u201399 [in Japanese].","journal-title":"Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi"},{"key":"4600_CR14","first-page":"75","volume":"36","author":"M Ogawa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ogawa M, Hikita H. About the sex education in the university: From the investigation of sexual awareness and sexual behavior in the junior college students. J Suzuka Jr Coll. 2016;36:75\u201385 [in Japanese].","journal-title":"J Suzuka Jr Coll"},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2018.12.009","volume":"48","author":"Q Mu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mu Q, Hanson L, Hoelzle J, Fehring RJ. Young women\u2019s knowledge about fertility and their fertility health risk factors. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2019;48(2):153\u201362.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"4600_CR16","first-page":"303","volume":"68","author":"M Abe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abe M, Kodama N, Saito T. What boosts the employment rate among women?: The assessment of work-life-balance policies on retaining working mothers. Econ Rev. 2017;68(4):303\u201323 [in Japanese].","journal-title":"Econ Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR17","first-page":"77","volume":"24","author":"H Ito","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ito H. Study on the issues of marriage and childbirth of women who continue to work; To target the highly-educated women with a high annual income of their 30s and 40s live in urban areas The Bulletin of the Graduate School of Education of Waseda University. Separate. 2017;24(2):77\u201388 [in Japanese].","journal-title":"Separate"},{"issue":"5","key":"4600_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30585-5","volume":"36","author":"LEA Williamson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Williamson LEA, Lawson KL, Downe P, Pierson RA. Informed reproductive decision-making: The impact of providing fertility information on fertility knowledge and intentions to delay childbearing. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2014;36(5):400\u20135.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"issue":"12","key":"4600_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det373","volume":"28","author":"B Fulford","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fulford B, Bunting L, Tsibulsky I, Boivin J. The role of knowledge and perceived susceptibility in intentions to optimize fertility: Findings from the International Fertility Decision-Making Study (IFDMS). Hum Reprod. 2013;28(12):3253\u201362.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/02646838.2015.1008439","volume":"33","author":"LEA Williamson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Williamson LEA, Lawson K. Young women\u2019s intention to delay childbearing: a test of the theory of planned behavior. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2015;33(2):205\u201313.","journal-title":"J Reprod Infant Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4600_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex275","volume":"32","author":"MK Simoni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Simoni MK, Mu L, Collins SC. Women\u2019s career priority is associated with attitudes towards family planning and ethical acceptance of reproductive technologies. Hum Reprod. 2017;32(10):2069\u201375.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-010-0604-9","volume":"15","author":"J McQuillan","year":"2011","unstructured":"McQuillan J, Greil AL, Shreffler KM. Pregnancy intentions among women who do not try: Focusing on women who are okay either way. Matern Child Health J. 2011;15(2):178\u201387.","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"4600_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-013-1409-4","volume":"18","author":"A Metcalfe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Metcalfe A, Vecved M, Tough SC. Educational attainment, perception of workplace support and its influence on timing of childbearing for Canadian women: a cross-sectional study. Matern Child Health J. 2014;18:1675\u201382.","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"8","key":"4600_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2013.29.8","volume":"29","author":"I Ajzen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ajzen I, Klobas J. Fertility intentions: An approach based on the theory of planned behavior. Demogr Res. 2013;29(8):203\u201332.","journal-title":"Demogr Res"},{"key":"4600_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klobas JE, Ajzen I. Making the decision to have a child. In Philipov D, Liefbroer A, Klobas JE, editors. Reproductive decision-making in a macro-micro perspective. Dordrecht: Springer; 2015; 41\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-017-9401-5_3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9401-5_3"},{"key":"4600_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s10680-009-9187-9","volume":"25","author":"FC Billari","year":"2009","unstructured":"Billari FC, Philipov D, Testa MR. Attitudes, norms and perceived behavioral control: Explaining fertility intentions in Bulgaria. Eur J Population. 2009;25:439\u201365.","journal-title":"Eur J Population"},{"key":"4600_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcr.2014.12.004","volume":"23","author":"L Mencarini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mencarini L, Vignoli D, Gottard A. Fertility intention and outcomes: Implementing the theory of planned behavior with graphical models. Adv Life Course Res. 2015;23:14\u201328.","journal-title":"Adv Life Course Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","volume":"50","author":"I Ajzen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 1991;50(2):179\u2013211.","journal-title":"Organ Behav Hum Decis Process"},{"key":"4600_CR29","unstructured":"Angerhofer S, Atogami F, Nakamura Y, Yoshizawa T. Questionnaire of RLP with reproductive and career vision [unpublished questionnaire]. 2017."},{"issue":"7","key":"4600_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq087","volume":"25","author":"L Bunting","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bunting L, Boivin J. Development and preliminary validation of the fertility status awareness tool: FertiSTAT. Hum Reprod. 2010;25(7):1722\u201333.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"#cr-split#-4600_CR31.1","unstructured":"EMD Serono. In the know: Fertility IQ 2011 Survey. Rockland, US: EMD Serono"},{"key":"#cr-split#-4600_CR31.2","unstructured":"2011. 33p. Available from: https:\/\/www.npr.org\/assets\/news\/2011\/11\/FertilityWhitePaper_Final.pdf. Cited 2018 Nov 20."},{"issue":"1","key":"4600_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2010.01203.x","volume":"40","author":"ME Malnory","year":"2011","unstructured":"Malnory ME, Johnson TS. The reproductive life plan as a strategy to decrease poor birth outcomes. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2011;40(1):109\u201321.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.10.031","volume":"99","author":"K Hammarberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hammarberg K, Setter T, Norman RJ, Holden CA, Michelmore J, Johnson L. Knowledge about factors that influence fertility among Australians of reproductive age: A population-based survey. Fertil Steril. 2013;99(2):502\u20137.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"4600_CR34","unstructured":"National Institute of Population and Social Security Research. Marriage and childbirth in Japan Today: The Fifteenth Japanese National Fertility Survey, 2015 (Results of Singles and Married Couples Survey) 2017. Tokyo. Available from: http:\/\/www.ipss.go.jp\/syoushika\/tohkei\/Popular\/Popular2019.asp?chap=0. [in Japanese]. Cited 2020 Jan 18"},{"key":"4600_CR35","first-page":"215","volume":"73","author":"M Nishikitani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nishikitani M, Inoue M, Tsurugano S. Nonregular employment in a society with a decreasing birthrate: Workers\u2019 marriage, childbirth, and childcare. Jpn J Hug. 2018;73:215\u201324 [in Japanese].","journal-title":"Jpn J Hug"},{"issue":"3","key":"4600_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3109\/03009734.2012.654862","volume":"117","author":"C Eriksson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eriksson C, Larsson M, Tyden T. Reflections on having children in the future -interviews with highly educated women and men without children. Ups J Med Sci. 2012;117(3):328\u201335.","journal-title":"Ups J Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4600_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-4716.2008.00027.x","volume":"2","author":"D Greenberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greenberg D, Ladge J, Clair J. Negotiating pregnancy at work: Public and private conflicts. Negotiation Confl Manag Res. 2009;2(1):42\u201356.","journal-title":"Negotiation Confl Manag Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8543.00269","volume":"41","author":"DM Houston","year":"2003","unstructured":"Houston DM, Marks G. The role of planning and workplace support in returning to work after maternity leave. Br J Ind Relat. 2003;41(2):197\u2013214.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Relat"},{"issue":"57l","key":"4600_CR39","first-page":"283","volume":"56","author":"Y Tanaka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tanaka Y. The problems suffered by working mothers when making the compatibility of job and child care. Res Bullet Takamatsu University. 2012;56(57l):283\u201398 [in Japanese].","journal-title":"Res Bullet Takamatsu University"},{"issue":"1","key":"4600_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30719","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030719","volume":"7","author":"M Virtanen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Virtanen M, Stansfeld SA, Fuhrer R, Ferrie JE, Kivimaki M. Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: A 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(1):30719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0030719. Cited 2020 Jan 11.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"4600_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1353\/sof.0.0301","volume":"88","author":"S Kleiner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kleiner S, Pavalko EK. Clocking in: the organization of work time and health in the United States. Soc Forces. 2010;88(3):1463\u201386.","journal-title":"Soc Forces"},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR42","first-page":"33","volume":"11","author":"M Shields","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shields M. Long working hours and health. Health Rep. 1999;11(2):33\u201348.","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"key":"4600_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nakamura Y, Wada A, Sumikawa Tsuno Y, Nagasaka K, Kawajiri M, Takeishi Y, et al. Occupational stress and related factors among childless working women in their 20s\u201340s: A pregnancy perspective. Environ Occup Health Practice. 2023;5:eohp.20220017-OA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1539\/eohp.2022-0017-OA","DOI":"10.1539\/eohp.2022-0017-OA"},{"key":"4600_CR44","first-page":"114","volume":"37","author":"H Nakazato","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nakazato H. A study of female human resources activation and female career development in local companies. J Econ Educ. 2018;37:114\u20139 [in Japanese].","journal-title":"J Econ Educ"},{"issue":"4","key":"4600_CR45","first-page":"1","volume":"57","author":"I Yamamoto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yamamoto I, Ito H. Childcare policy and regional employment of female workers: the policy evaluation of \u201cgeneral childcare-support for model-municipalities.\u201d Mita Bus Rev. 2014;57(4):1\u201324 [in Japanese].","journal-title":"Mita Bus Rev"},{"key":"4600_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-016-0162-8","volume":"13","author":"N Hashimoto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hashimoto N, Kido K, Ojima T, Kinoshita H. Influence of fertility knowledge on delays in childbearing: a cross-sectional study. Reprod Health. 2016;13:41.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/03009734.2018.1480186","volume":"123","author":"J Pedro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pedro J, Brand\u00e3o T, Schmidt L, Costa ME, Martins MV. What do people know about fertility? A systematic review on fertility awareness and its associated factors. Ups J Med Sci. 2018;123(2):71\u201381.","journal-title":"Ups J Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4600_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12427","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12427","volume":"65","author":"M Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim M, Kim Y, Kim H. The impact of working hours on pregnancy intention in childbearing-age women in Korea. J Occup Health. 2023;65(1):e12427.","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4600_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09585192.2020.1833070","volume":"32","author":"FL Cooke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cooke FL, Xiao M. Work-life balance in East Asia: Long working hours, gendered cultures, and implications for fertility. Int J Hum Resour Manag. 2021;32(1):1\u201325.","journal-title":"Int J Hum Resour Manag"},{"key":"4600_CR50","first-page":"1","volume":"34","author":"A Matysiak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Matysiak A, Mencarini L, Vignoli D. Work\u2013family conflict and fertility intentions: evidence from Italy. Demogr Res. 2016;34:1\u201338.","journal-title":"Demogr Res"},{"key":"4600_CR51","first-page":"1","volume":"40","author":"WJ Yeung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yeung WJ, Wang Y. Flexible working arrangements and fertility intentions: evidence from a survey experiment in Singapore. Eur J Popul. 2024;40:1\u201323.","journal-title":"Eur J Popul"},{"issue":"5","key":"4600_CR52","first-page":"643","volume":"36","author":"T Sobotka","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sobotka T. Postponement of childbearing and low fertility in Europe. J Biosoc Sci. 2004;36(5):643\u201380.","journal-title":"J Biosoc Sci"},{"key":"4600_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2023.48.16","volume":"48","author":"A Berrington","year":"2023","unstructured":"Berrington A, Stone J, Falkingham J. Delayed first births and completed fertility across cohorts in low-fertility countries. Demogr Res. 2023;48:421\u201356.","journal-title":"Demogr Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"4600_CR54","first-page":"1046","volume":"35","author":"LE Kotila","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kotila LE, Schoppe-Sullivan SJ, Kamp Dush CM. Antecedents of delayed fertility: a systematic review. J Fam Issues. 2014;35(7):1046\u201372.","journal-title":"J Fam Issues"},{"key":"4600_CR55","unstructured":"Statistics Bureau of Japan: Labor force survey. 2015 Available from: https:\/\/www.stat.go.jp\/english\/data\/roudou\/index.html [in Japanese]. Cited 2020 Jun 30."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-026-04830-3","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000}}],"container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12905-026-04600-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-026-04600-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12905-026-04600-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T07:33:47Z","timestamp":1787902427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12905-026-04600-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-026-04600-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6874","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2026","order":6,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":7,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original online version of this article was revised due to update in the figure 1.","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2026","order":9,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":10,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":11,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-026-04830-3","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-026-04830-3","order":12,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This survey was approved by the Research Ethical Committee of Iwate Prefectural University (Approval number: 197). All study participants provided informed consent. This study was conducted in accordance with the Japanese Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research involving Human Subjects and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"414"}}