{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T09:09:09Z","timestamp":1784020149783,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"PFH \u2013 Private Hochschule G\u00f6ttingen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Menstrual distress affects a substantial proportion of individuals of reproductive age and is associated with impaired quality of life and psychological comorbidities, yet validated German-language instruments for its assessment are lacking. The present study examined the reliability and validity of the German version of the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MEDI-Q), a 25-item self-report instrument previously validated in Italian, English, and Indonesian.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A community sample of\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091,035 German-speaking women completed the MEDI-Q alongside the DASS-21, the PAF10, and a global rating of menstrual symptom severity. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and structural validity via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were examined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Internal consistency was high (\u03b1\u2009=\u20090.839, \u03c9\u2009=\u20090.844) and test-retest reliability acceptable over a naturalistic long-term interval (ICC = 0.823). MEDI-Q Total Score, MS, and MSD correlated negatively with age and positively with psychological distress, premenstrual symptoms, and global symptom severity, while the Menstrual Specificity Index (MESI) showed a significantly weaker and statistically distinct association with the global rating. Among three competing factor models, the theoretically proposed 5-factor structure showed the best relative fit, though none of the models reached conventional fit thresholds (CFI\/TLI \u2265 0.90), and structural validity warrants further investigation. Applying the proposed cut-off of \u2265\u200920, 36.4% of the community sample exceeded this threshold.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The German MEDI-Q represents a psychometrically adequate instrument for standardised assessment of menstrual distress in German-speaking contexts, facilitating cross-cultural comparisons across four language versions, while structural validity remains unestablished and the instrument should be interpreted as a total score measure pending further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-026-04608-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T08:36:49Z","timestamp":1784018209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MEDI-Q): reliability and validity of the German version"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3358-7878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvonne","family":"G\u00f6rlich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"4608_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e3181932a37","volume":"64","author":"MA Farage","year":"2009","unstructured":"Farage MA, Neill S, MacLean AB. 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