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It was conducted in accordance with the 2014 Uganda National Guidelines for Research Involving Humans as Research Participants, the WHO guidelines for the safe and ethical conduct of research on violence against women, and the Declaration of Helsinki. Emancipated minors (i.e., individuals\u2009<\u200918 years who were pregnant, married, had a child, or supported themselves for their livelihood) or mature minors (those with drug or alcohol dependency or a sexually transmitted infection) were permitted to provide independent informed consent without parental or guardian consent, in line with Uganda guidelines at the time of the study. All participants underwent a comprehensive informed consent process, and participation was entirely voluntary, with the right to withdraw at any time without consequence. Informed consent was obtained in writing for face-to-face interviews and verbally for telephone interviews, in English or Luganda. Illiterate participants provided a thumbprint in the presence of an impartial witness. All personal identifiers were anonymized during analysis, and data were stored securely on password-protected computers and in locked cabinets.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"505"}}