{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:03:00Z","timestamp":1787162580080,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at king Saud university","award":["RGP-142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP-142"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Altern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1507-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T08:46:01Z","timestamp":1484297161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Effect of ginseng extract on the TGF-\u03b21 signaling pathway in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Hafez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherifa S.","family":"Hamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal F.","family":"El-Khadragy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab K.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim S.","family":"Al Rejaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Sayed-Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naif O.","family":"Al-Harbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid A.","family":"Al-Hosaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Al-Harbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali R.","family":"Alhoshani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Othman A.","family":"Al-Shabanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakir Dekhal","family":"Alsharari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1507_CR1","first-page":"600","volume":"50","author":"PV Turner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Turner PV, Brabb T, Pekow C, Vasbinder MA. Administration of substances to laboratory animals: routes of administration and factors to consider. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2011;50(5):600\u201313.","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1507_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2909","volume":"20","author":"P Labarga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Labarga P, Fernandez-Montero JV, de Mendoza C, Barreiro P, Pinilla J, Soriano V. Liver fibrosis progression despite HCV cure with antiviral therapy in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients. Antivir Ther. 2015;20(3):329\u201334.","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"1507_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24282","volume":"115","author":"R Bataller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bataller R, Brenner DA. Liver fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 2005;115(2):209\u201318.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1507_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng YC, Lin CL, Hsu WY, Chang CS, Yeh HZ, Kao CH. Risk of Liver Cirrhosis in Patients with Tuberculosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Eur J Clin Investig 2015;45(7):663\u20139","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12453"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1507_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00429-4","volume":"38","author":"SL Friedman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Friedman SL. Liver fibrosis -- from bench to bedside. J Hepatol. 2003;38 Suppl 1:S38\u201353.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"1507_CR6","first-page":"105","volume":"7","author":"T Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu T, Wang X, Karsdal MA, Leeming DJ, Genovese F. Molecular serum markers of liver fibrosis. Biomark Insights. 2012;7:105\u201317.","journal-title":"Biomark Insights"},{"issue":"2","key":"1507_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2008.05.006","volume":"26","author":"N Singh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Singh N, Kamath V, Narasimhamurthy K, Rajini PS. Protective effect of potato peel extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008;26(2):241\u20136.","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1507_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-1536-6-19","volume":"6","author":"C Liedtke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liedtke C, Luedde T, Sauerbruch T, Scholten D, Streetz K, Tacke F, Tolba R, Trautwein C, Trebicka J, Weiskirchen R. Experimental liver fibrosis research: update on animal models, legal issues and translational aspects. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair. 2013;6(1):19.","journal-title":"Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair"},{"issue":"11 Suppl","key":"1507_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102S","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000189275.97419.58","volume":"29","author":"SV Siegmund","year":"2005","unstructured":"Siegmund SV, Brenner DA. Molecular pathogenesis of alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005;29(11 Suppl):102S\u20139S.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1507_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/713611034","volume":"33","author":"LW Weber","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weber LW, Boll M, Stampfl A. Hepatotoxicity and mechanism of action of haloalkanes: carbon tetrachloride as a toxicological model. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2003;33(2):105\u201336.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1507_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i5.1531","volume":"21","author":"DH Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu DH, Guo XY, Qin SY, Luo W, Huang XL, Chen M, Wang JX, Ma SJ, Yang XW, Jiang HX. Interleukin-22 ameliorates liver fibrogenesis by attenuating hepatic stellate cell activation and downregulating the levels of inflammatory cytokines. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(5):1531\u201345.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1507_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-014-0261-5","volume":"71","author":"Y Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang Y, Liu W, Liu X, Sheng M, Pei Y, Lei R, Zhang S, Tao R. Role of liver in modulating the release of inflammatory cytokines involved in lung and multiple organ dysfunction in severe acute pancreatitis. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2015;71(2):765\u201376.","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"1507_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d793","DOI":"10.2741\/A812","volume":"7","author":"AM Gressner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gressner AM, Weiskirchen R, Breitkopf K, Dooley S. Roles of TGF-beta in hepatic fibrosis. Front Biosci. 2002;7:d793\u2013807.","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1507_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.3858\/emm.2008.40.6.686","volume":"40","author":"J Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang J, Qiao L, Li Y, Yang G. Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion- induced liver injury by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation. Exp Mol Med. 2008;40(6):686\u201398.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1507_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.12.030","volume":"98","author":"CH Jung","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jung CH, Seog HM, Choi IW, Choi HD, Cho HY. Effects of wild ginseng (panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) leaves on lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;98(3):245\u201350.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1507_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-005-2500-3","volume":"22","author":"YC Huang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huang YC, Chen CT, Chen SC, Lai PH, Liang HC, Chang Y, Yu LC, Sung HW. A natural compound (ginsenoside Re) isolated from panax ginseng as a novel angiogenic agent for tissue regeneration. Pharm Res. 2005;22(4):636\u201346.","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1507_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1039\/c0np00057d","volume":"28","author":"LW Qi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Qi LW, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Isolation and analysis of ginseng: advances and challenges. Nat Prod Rep. 2011;28(3):467\u201395.","journal-title":"Nat Prod Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"1507_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1262","volume":"17","author":"AF Cicero","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cicero AF, Vitale G, Savino G, Arletti R. Panax notoginseng (burk.) effects on fibrinogen and lipid plasma level in rats fed on a high-fat diet. Phytother Res. 2003;17(2):174\u20138.","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"1507_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2008.00869.x","volume":"29","author":"KT Choi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Choi KT. Botanical characteristics, pharmacological effects and medicinal components of Korean panax ginseng C a Meyer. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2008;29(9):1109\u201318.","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"2","key":"1507_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.40.406","volume":"40","author":"XW Yang","year":"1992","unstructured":"Yang XW, Hattori M, Namba T, Chen DF, Xu GJ. Anti-lipid peroxidative effect of an extract of the stems of kadsura heteroclita and its major constituent, kadsurin, in mice. Chem Pharm Bull. 1992;40(2):406\u20139.","journal-title":"Chem Pharm Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"1507_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01068.x","volume":"25","author":"HU Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee HU, Bae EA, Han MJ, Kim NJ, Kim DH. Hepatoprotective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 and compound K on tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced liver injury. Liver Int. 2005;25(5):1069\u201373.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"1507_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.28.652","volume":"28","author":"EK Park","year":"2005","unstructured":"Park EK, Shin YW, Lee HU, Kim SS, Lee YC, Lee BY, Kim DH. Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rb1 and compound K on NO and prostaglandin E2 biosyntheses of RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005;28(4):652\u20136.","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"1507_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000412","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000412","volume":"8","author":"C Kilkenny","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kilkenny C, Browne WJ, Cuthill IC, Emerson M, Altman DG. Improving bioscience research reporting: the ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol. 2010;8(6):e1000412.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"1507_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-S1-P178","volume":"12","author":"RA Khan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S. CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity: protective effect of rutin on p53, CYP2E1 and the antioxidative status in rat. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012;12:178.","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1507_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2008.02.021","volume":"72","author":"A Karadeniz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Karadeniz A, Cemek M, Simsek N. The effects of panax ginseng and spirulina platensis on hepatotoxicity induced by cadmium in rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2009;72(1):231\u20135.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"1507_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","volume":"226","author":"J Folch","year":"1957","unstructured":"Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 1957;226(1):497\u2013509.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1507_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893212","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/893212","volume":"2014","author":"MM Hafez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hafez MM, Al-Shabanah OA, Al-Harbi NO, Al-Harbi MM, Al-Rejaie SS, Alsurayea SM, Sayed-Ahmed MM. Association between paraoxonases gene expression and oxidative stress in hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014:893212.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1507_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-008-8091-0","volume":"36","author":"F Tacke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tacke F, Luedde T, Trautwein C. Inflammatory pathways in liver homeostasis and liver injury. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2009;36(1):4\u201312.","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1507_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0b013e318034194e","volume":"45","author":"JM Zhang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhang JM, An J. Cytokines, inflammation, and pain. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2007;45(2):27\u201337.","journal-title":"Int Anesthesiol Clin"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"1507_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(03)00157-4","volume":"189","author":"S Basu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Basu S. Carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation: eicosanoid formation and their regulation by antioxidant nutrients. Toxicology. 2003;189(1-2):113\u201327.","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"1507_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(02)00317-2","volume":"523\u2013524","author":"OI Aruoma","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aruoma OI. Methodological considerations for characterizing potential antioxidant actions of bioactive components in plant foods. Mutat Res. 2003;523\u2013524:9\u201320.","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"1507_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4103\/2008-7802.151825","volume":"6","author":"M Emzhik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Emzhik M, Rahimi-Moghaddam P, Ebrahimi SA, Keyhanfar F, Moazzam AS. Commentary on prevention a possible drug-drug interaction: is concurrent administration of orlistat and pioglitazone increase the risk of durg-induced hepatotoxicity? Int J Prev Med. 2015;6:16.","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1507_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867321666140916122628","volume":"22","author":"T Ikeda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ikeda T. Idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity: strategy for prevention and proposed mechanism. Curr Med Chem. 2015;22(4):528\u201337.","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"1507_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957724","volume":"63","author":"HJ Kim","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Chun YJ, Park JD, Kim SI, Roh JK, Jeong TC. Protection of rat liver microsomes against carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation by red ginseng saponin through cytochrome P450 inhibition. Planta Med. 1997;63(5):415\u20138.","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1507_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007078414639","volume":"203","author":"DD Kitts","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kitts DD, Wijewickreme AN, Hu C. Antioxidant properties of a north american ginseng extract. Mol Cell Biochem. 2000;203(1\u20132):1\u201310.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"1507_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.2741\/2853","volume":"13","author":"Y Kobayashi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kobayashi Y. The role of chemokines in neutrophil biology. Front Biosci. 2008;13:2400\u20137.","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1507_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1083","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00568.2005","volume":"290","author":"H Jaeschke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jaeschke H. Mechanisms of liver injury. II. Mechanisms of neutrophil-induced liver cell injury during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and other acute inflammatory conditions. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2006;290(6):G1083\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"1507_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaeschke H. Neutrophil-mediated tissue injury in alcoholic hepatitis. Alcohol. 2002, 27(1):23-27.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(02)00200-8"},{"issue":"6","key":"1507_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21381","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021381","volume":"6","author":"HW Zimmermann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zimmermann HW, Seidler S, Gassler N, Nattermann J, Luedde T, Trautwein C, Tacke F. Interleukin-8 is activated in patients with chronic liver diseases and associated with hepatic macrophage accumulation in human liver fibrosis. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e21381.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"1507_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230701584163","volume":"35","author":"SK Ramaiah","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ramaiah SK, Jaeschke H. Role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of acute inflammatory liver injury. Toxicol Pathol. 2007;35(6):757\u201366.","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1507_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2011.10.002","volume":"258","author":"C Escudero-Lourdes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Escudero-Lourdes C, Wu T, Camarillo JM, Gandolfi AJ. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) over-production and autocrine cell activation are key factors in monomethylarsonous acid [MMA(III)]-induced malignant transformation of urothelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012;258(1):10\u20138.","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1507_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24517","volume":"54","author":"AM Miller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miller AM, Wang H, Bertola A, Park O, Horiguchi N, Ki SH, Yin S, Lafdil F, Gao B. Inflammation-associated interleukin-6\/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation ameliorates alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases in interleukin-10-deficient mice. Hepatology. 2011;54(3):846\u201356.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1507_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280620","volume":"28","author":"K Thompson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thompson K, Maltby J, Fallowfield J, McAulay M, Millward-Sadler H, Sheron N. Interleukin-10 expression and function in experimental murine liver inflammation and fibrosis. Hepatology. 1998;28(6):1597\u2013606.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"1507_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i9.1386","volume":"12","author":"YH Huang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Huang YH, Shi MN, Zheng WD, Zhang LJ, Chen ZX, Wang XZ. Therapeutic effect of interleukin-10 on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(9):1386\u201391.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1507_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.05.069","volume":"372","author":"J Yu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yu J, Wu CW, Chu ES, Hui AY, Cheng AS, Go MY, Ching AK, Chui YL, Chan HL, Sung JJ. Elucidation of the role of COX-2 in liver fibrogenesis using transgenic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;372(4):571\u20137.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"1507_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1018","volume":"102","author":"JP Iredale","year":"1998","unstructured":"Iredale JP, Benyon RC, Pickering J, McCullen M, Northrop M, Pawley S, Hovell C, Arthur MJ. Mechanisms of spontaneous resolution of rat liver fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cell apoptosis and reduced hepatic expression of metalloproteinase inhibitors. J Clin Invest. 1998;102(3):538\u201349.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"12","key":"1507_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82190","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082190","volume":"8","author":"X Fan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fan X, Zhang Q, Li S, Lv Y, Su H, Jiang H, Hao Z. Attenuation of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice by vaccinating against TGF-beta1. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e82190.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1507_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2015.01.004","volume":"44-46C","author":"S Duarte","year":"2015","unstructured":"Duarte S, Baber J, Fujii T, Coito AJ. Matrix metalloproteinases in liver injury, repair and fibrosis. Matrix Biol. 2015;44-46C:147\u201356.","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1507_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s004180000150","volume":"113","author":"T Knittel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Knittel T, Mehde M, Grundmann A, Saile B, Scharf JG, Ramadori G. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors during hepatic tissue repair in the rat. Histochem Cell Biol. 2000;113(6):443\u201353.","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1507_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65703-3","volume":"153","author":"AE Kossakowska","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kossakowska AE, Edwards DR, Lee SS, Urbanski LS, Stabbler AL, Zhang CL, Phillips BW, Zhang Y, Urbanski SJ. Altered balance between matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in experimental biliary fibrosis. Am J Pathol. 1998;153(6):1895\u2013902.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1507_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2010.1485","volume":"14","author":"YT Lo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lo YT, Tsai YH, Wu SJ, Chen JR, Chao JC. Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits cell activation and liver fibrosis in rat hepatic stellate cells. J Med Food. 2011;14(10):1135\u201343.","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"issue":"1","key":"1507_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13069-014-0017-2","volume":"8","author":"SK Sadasivan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sadasivan SK, Siddaraju N, Khan KM, Vasamsetti B, Kumar NR, Haridas V, Reddy MB, Baggavalli S, Oommen AM, Pralhada Rao R. Developing an in vitro screening assay platform for evaluation of antifibrotic drugs using precision-cut liver slices. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair. 2015;8(1):1.","journal-title":"Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair"},{"issue":"7","key":"1507_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-1273rev","volume":"18","author":"A Leask","year":"2004","unstructured":"Leask A, Abraham DJ. TGF-beta signaling and the fibrotic response. FASEB J. 2004;18(7):816\u201327.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"10","key":"1507_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i10.1577","volume":"12","author":"Y Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wang LF, Zou HF, Song XY, Xu HF, Lin P, Zheng HH, Yu XG. Expression and location of Smad2, 4 mRNAs during and after liver fibrogenesis of rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(10):1577\u201382.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"23","key":"1507_CR55","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"L Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu L, Li X-m, Chen L, Feng Q, Xu L, Hu Y-y, Peng J-h. The effect of gypenosides on TGF-\u03b21\/smad pathway in liver FibrosisInduced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Int J Integr Med. 2003;1(23):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Integr Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1507_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X07005466","volume":"35","author":"HF Chang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chang HF, Lin YH, Chu CC, Wu SJ, Tsai YH, Chao JC. Protective effects of ginkgo biloba, panax ginseng, and schizandra chinensis extract on liver injury in rats. Am J Chin Med. 2007;35(6):995\u20131009.","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-016-1507-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T13:01:10Z","timestamp":1658408470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12906-016-1507-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1507"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-016-1507-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]]},"article-number":"45"}}