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The present study aimed to investigate the plants used by Traditional healers (THs) to treat helminth infections in endemic communities within the Central and Kara regions of Togo and to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of the three most cited plants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An ethnobotanical survey was conducted from 19 to 24 June 2017 among traditional healers in the Central and Kara regions of Togo. The anthelmintic activity of the most cited plants namely<jats:italic>Aframomum melegueta<\/jats:italic>K. Schum,<jats:italic>Khaya senegalensis<\/jats:italic>A. Juss and<jats:italic>Xylopia aethiopica<\/jats:italic>A. Rich, was evaluated using microfilariae (Mf) of<jats:italic>Litomosoides sigmodontis<\/jats:italic>. The plants were evaluated for cytotoxicity according to the recommendation of NF EN ISO 10993-5 standard using the propidium iodide (PI) dye by flow cytometry on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 197 THs were interviewed and 41 plant species were recorded. Leguminosae (14.6%) and Annonaceae (9.7%) families constitute the highest number of species cited for treatment of helminth infections.<jats:italic>Afromomum melegueta<\/jats:italic>was the most cited by the THs for the treatment of onchocerciasis (UV\u2009=\u20090.036) while<jats:italic>X. aethiopica<\/jats:italic>was associated with the treatment of schistosomiasis (UV\u2009=\u20090.061) and lymphatic filariasis (UV\u2009=\u20090.061). There was a great agreement among the THs regarding ethnomedicinal uses of plants to treat helminthiasis with ICF values ranging from 0.57 to 0.67. The anthelmintic assay yielded lethal doses values of 233\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, 265\u2009\u03bcg\/mL and 550\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, respectively for<jats:italic>X. aethiopica<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>A. melegueta<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>K. senegalensis<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>Afromomum melegueta<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>X. aethiopica<\/jats:italic>presented no cytotoxicity, less than 20% death, whereas<jats:italic>K. senegalensis<\/jats:italic>induced moderate toxicity, 24\u2009\u00b1\u20098% death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrated the scientific rationale for the use of plants to treat helminthiasis in the Togolese traditional medicine. However, the use of<jats:italic>K. senegalensis<\/jats:italic>requires more caution since the plant is fairly toxic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>NA<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-03008-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T12:02:58Z","timestamp":1594123378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Ethnobotanical survey, anthelmintic effects and cytotoxicity of plants used for treatment of helminthiasis in the Central and Kara regions of Togo"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Essoham","family":"Ataba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gnatoulma","family":"Katawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adjoa Holali","family":"Ameyapoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kokou","family":"Anani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oukoe M.","family":"Amessoudji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9lagie Edlom","family":"Tchadi\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tchadjabo","family":"Tchacondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komlan","family":"Batawila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaovi","family":"Ameyapoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achim","family":"Hoerauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Layland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6172-7487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simplice D.","family":"Karou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3008_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3282-x","volume":"12","author":"FF Fombad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fombad FF, Njouendou AJ, Ndongmo PC, Ritter M, Chunda VC, Metuge HM, et al. 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Parasitol Res. 2013;112(12):4097\u2013104.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-020-03008-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12906-020-03008-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-020-03008-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T15:43:56Z","timestamp":1667317436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12906-020-03008-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-020-03008-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-7671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study has the authorisation code N\u00b0043\/2016\/MSPS\/CAB\/SG\/DPLET\/CBRS from the ethical board \u201cComit\u00e9 de Bio\u00e9thique pour la Recherche en Sant\u00e9 (CBRS)\u201d of the Ministry of Health in Togo. The THs and healthy blood donors gave their informed consent and certifying their agreement with a signature (signed forms are available).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"212"}}