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Most available treatment options are failing as a result of antibiotic resistance and adverse effects. Natural sources such as plants may serve as promising alternatives.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Compounds were isolated from the South African weed <jats:italic>Chromolaena odorata<\/jats:italic> through column chromatography. Purified compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity using the p-iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) colorimetric method, against uropathogenic <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>. Anti-biofilm, anti-adhesion and metabolic inhibition activities were investigated against selected strains. Safety of the compounds was determined against Vero monkey kidney, C3A human liver and colon (Caco2) cells.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Four compounds identified as pectolinaringenin (1), (\u00b1)-4\u2032,5,7-trimethoxy flavanone (2), 5-hydroxy-3,7,4\u2032-trimethoxyflavone (3) and 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4\u2032-methoxyflavone) (4) were isolated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) varied between 0.016 and 0.25\u2009mg\/mL. Compounds 2 and 3 showed promising antimicrobial activity against <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic> with MIC between 0.016 and 0.125\u2009mg\/mL, comparable to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and amphotericin B used as positive controls. Compounds 2 and 3 showed good anti-biofilm and metabolic inhibition activities against <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> but weak anti-adhesion activity against the organisms. Low toxicity with selectivity indexes between 1 and 12.625 were recorded with the compounds, indicating that the compounds were rather toxic to the microbial strains and not to the human and animal cells.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Pharmacological activities displayed by compounds 2 and 3 isolated from <jats:italic>C. odorata<\/jats:italic> and low toxicity recorded credits it as a potential lead for the development of useful prophylactic treatments and anti-infective drugs against UTIs. Although known compounds, this is the first time these compounds have been isolated from the South African weed <jats:italic>C. odorata<\/jats:italic> and tested for antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, metabolic inhibition and anti-adhesion activities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-03024-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T10:04:12Z","timestamp":1595498652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Flavonoids isolated from the South African weed Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) have pharmacological activity against uropathogens"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Aitebiremen G.","family":"Omokhua-Uyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muna A.","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen M.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abimbola","family":"Aro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5268-4676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osariyekemwen O.","family":"Uyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Van Staden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndy J.","family":"McGaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3024_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"53","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2004","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 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