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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the oral administration of thylakoid-rich spinach extract and the caraway aqueous extract in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome rats<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups of 12 animals each. Letrozole (1\u2009mg\/kg) was administered orally for a period of 28\u2009days to induce PCOS. Sham and PCOS control rats received 1\u2009mL\/day of distilled water, and the three groups of PCOS rats were given 150\u2009mg\/kg of metformin, 3\u2009g\/kg of caraway, and thylakoid at a dose of 6\u2009mg chlorophyll\/gr food intake\/day by oral gavage for 8\u2009weeks. Finally, blood samples were collected and the right ovary of rats was removed, weighed, and fixed in 4% buffered formalin to determine the biochemical and stereological parameters.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Compared to the PCOS control group, consuming metformin, thylakoid, and caraway extracts significantly improved the fasting blood sugar (FBS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), malondialdehyde (MDA), luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin resistance, and body weight, increased the volume of the corpus luteum, and reduced the number of atretic follicles after 8\u2009weeks (\ud443&lt;\u20090.05). Although caraway treatment caused a significant increase in the HDL-C (High-density lipoprotein cholesterol) level (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), no significant change was observed in terms of HDL-C in the thylakoid and metformin groups compared to the PCOS control group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our data showed that the consumption of thylakoid and caraway extracts for 8\u00a0weeks may have beneficial effects on the biochemical and stereological factors in PCOS-induced rats.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-03044-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T14:02:33Z","timestamp":1597240953000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The effects of thylakoid-rich spinach extract and aqueous extract of caraway (Carum carvi L.) in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Saeed","family":"Sherafatmanesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7994-8405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Ekramzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Tanideh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad-Taghi","family":"Golmakani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Koohpeyma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3044_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.005","volume":"20","author":"MO Goodarzi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goodarzi MO, Azziz R. 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