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Despite the availability of treatments, resistance to some of the commercial anti-<jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> drugs has been reported in addition to their harmful side effects. Therefore, novel treatments for giardiasis are required. In this study, we aimed to assess the in vitro activity of crude extracts of <jats:italic>Ageratum conyzoides<\/jats:italic> against <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> trophozoites.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Plants were classified into three groups based on their flower colors: white (W), purple (P), and white\u2013purple (W\u2013P). Plants were separately cut into leaf (L) and flower (F) parts. Changes in internal organelle morphology of trophozoites following exposure to crude extracts were assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In subsequent experiments, efficacy of the most active essential oils from crude extracts [half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>)\u2009\u2264\u2009100\u2009\u03bcg\/mL] against <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> trophozoites was tested. In vitro anti-<jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> assays using essential oils were performed in the same way as those performed using crude extracts.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>LW\u2013P and FP extracts showed high activity (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009\u2264\u2009100\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) against <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> trophozoites, with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u00a0\u00b1\u2009SD values of 45.67\u2009\u00b1\u20090.51 and 96.00\u2009\u00b1\u20090.46\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, respectively. In subsequent experiments, IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u00a0\u00b1\u2009SD values of LW\u2013P and FP essential oils were 35.00\u2009\u00b1\u20090.50 and 89.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.41\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, respectively. TEM revealed the degeneration of flagella and ventral discs of <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> trophozoites following exposure to crude extracts.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Crude LW\u2013P and FP extracts of <jats:italic>A. conyzoides<\/jats:italic> showed the highest activity against <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic>. Exposure to crude extract induced changes in the flagella and ventral discs of <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> trophozoites, which play important roles in attachment to the surface of mucosal cells. Our results suggest that the tested extracts warrant further research in terms of their efficacy and safety as giardiasis treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-2860-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T15:02:53Z","timestamp":1582902173000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Efficacy of Ageratum conyzoides extracts against Giardia duodenalis trophozoites: an experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ai-rada","family":"Pintong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiraporn","family":"Ruangsittichai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumate","family":"Ampawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanthinich","family":"Thima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patchara","family":"Sriwichai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narumon","family":"Komalamisra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4218-9633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supaluk","family":"Popruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2860_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.3.447-475.2001","volume":"14","author":"RD Adam","year":"2001","unstructured":"Adam RD. 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