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The present work investigated the antimalarial properties and chemical composition of two samples of<jats:italic>T. albida<\/jats:italic>collected from different locations in Guinea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>T. albida<\/jats:italic>samples were collected in different locations in Guinea, in Dubr\u00e9ka prefecture (West maritime Guinea) and in Kankan prefecture (eastern Guinea). The identity of the samples was confirmed by molecular analysis. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of the two extracts was determined against the chloroquine resistant strain PfK1. In vivo, extracts (100\u2009mg\/kg) were tested in two experimental murine models, respectively infected with<jats:italic>P. chabaudi chabaudi<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>P. berghei ANKA.<\/jats:italic>The chemical composition of the two samples was assessed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vitro, the Dubr\u00e9ka sample (<jats:italic>Ta<\/jats:italic>D) was more active with an IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>of 1.5\u2009\u03bcg\/mL versus 8.5\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for the extract from Kankan (<jats:italic>Ta<\/jats:italic>K). In vivo, the antiparasitic effect of<jats:italic>Ta<\/jats:italic>D was substantial with 56% of parasite inhibition at Day 10 post-infection in<jats:italic>P. chabaudi<\/jats:italic>infection and 61% at Day 8 in<jats:italic>P. berghei<\/jats:italic>model, compared to 14 and 19% inhibition respectively for the treatment with<jats:italic>Ta<\/jats:italic>K. In addition, treatment with<jats:italic>Ta<\/jats:italic>D further improved the survival of<jats:italic>P. berghei<\/jats:italic>infected<jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>mice by 50% at Day 20, while the mortality rate of mice treated with<jats:italic>Ta<\/jats:italic>k was similar to the untreated group. The LC\/MS analysis of the two extracts identified 38 compounds, 15 of which were common to both samples while 9 and 14 other compounds were unique to<jats:italic>Ta<\/jats:italic>D and<jats:italic>Ta<\/jats:italic>K respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study highlights the variability in the chemical composition of the species<jats:italic>T. albida<\/jats:italic>when collected in different geographical locations. These chemical disparities were associated with variable antimalarial effects. From a public health perspective, these results underline the importance of defining chemical fingerprints related to botanical species identification and to biological activity, for the plants most commonly used in traditional medicine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03231-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T14:23:12Z","timestamp":1613571792000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Variation in chemical composition and antimalarial activities of two samples of Terminalia albida collected from separate sites in Guinea"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6840-7489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aissata","family":"Camara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Sahar","family":"Traore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Chapeland-Leclerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwena\u00ebl","family":"Ruprich-Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Fourast\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mamadou Aliou","family":"Balde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Royo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Parny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Batigne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Salon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agn\u00e8s","family":"Coste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aliou Mamadou","family":"Balde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agn\u00e8s","family":"Aubouy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"3231_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. 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