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Previously, tannins (47.75%) were extracted from<jats:italic>Galla Chinensis<\/jats:italic>and prepared as<jats:italic>Galla Chinensis<\/jats:italic>oral solution (GOS) which showed significant antidiarrheal activity in a castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. Whether the tannins extract were also effective in treatment of ETEC-induced diarrhea was determined in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200922). The mice in the normal and untreated groups were given normal saline. Three GOS-treated groups were received different concentrations of GOS (5, 10 and 15%, respectively) at a dose of 10\u2009mL\/kg. Mice in the positive control group were fed with loperamide (10\u2009mg\/kg). The treatment with GOS started 3\u2009days before infection with ETEC and continued for 4 consecutive days after infection. On day 3, mice were all infected with one dose of LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>of ETEC, except those in the normal group. Survival of mice was observed daily and recorded throughout the study. On days 4 and 7, samples were collected from 6 mice in each group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>GOS could increase the survival rate up to 75%, while in the untreated group it is 43.75%. The body weights of mice treated with 15% GOS were significantly increased on day 7 in comparison with the untreated group and the normal group. GOS-treatment recovered the small intestine coefficient enhanced by ETEC-infection. The diarrhea index of mice treated with GOS was significantly decreased. GOS increased the levels of IgG and sIgA in the terminal ileum and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6 and IL-8) in serum. GOS could increase the amount of intestinal probiotics,<jats:italic>Lactobacilli<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Bifidobacteria<\/jats:italic>. GOS could alleviate colon lesions induced by ETEC-infection. GOS showed higher potency than loperamide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>GOS could be a promising drug candidate for treating ETEC infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03261-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T19:03:57Z","timestamp":1615057437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Tannins extract from Galla Chinensis can protect mice from infection by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O101"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junzhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengxue","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanfeng","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renyong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Hang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1752-644X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongqiong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"3261_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2009.10.002","volume":"12","author":"MJ Fleckenstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fleckenstein MJ, Hardwidge PR, Munson GP, Rasko DA, Sommerfelt H, Steinsland H. 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The humane endpoints were a weight loss above 15% of initial weight or animals in a state of prostration. Animals that reach one of these endpoints were euthanized by cervical dislocation by caretakers. All efforts were made to minimize suffering of animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors consent to publish this study in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"84"}}