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For the in vivo experiment, we used an imiquimod-induced ear edema model to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of MabE.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>MabE inhibited the TLR ligand-induced activation of NF-\u03baB in RAW264.7 cells without affecting their viability. Consistent with the inhibition of NF-\u03baB activation, MabE also inhibited the production of IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2 from TLR ligand-treated RAW264.7 cells. In vivo MabE treatment inhibited the ear swelling of IMQ-treated mice, in addition to the mRNA expression of IL-17A, IL-1\u03b2 and COX-2. The increases in splenic \u03b3\u03b4T cells in IMQ-treated mice and the production of IL-17A from splenocytes were significantly inhibited by MabE treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our study suggests that the anti-inflammatory effects of MabE on the activation of the macrophage cell line RAW246.7 by TLRs and IMQ-induced ear edema are through the inhibition of NF-\u03baB activation and IL-17A-producing \u03b3\u03b4T cells, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03291-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T10:03:40Z","timestamp":1617962620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Anti-inflammatory effects of Morus alba Linne bark on the activation of toll-like receptors and imiquimod-induced ear edema in mice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Umeyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Besse","family":"Hardianti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiori","family":"Kasahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dya Fita","family":"Dibwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Awale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7921-1171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7203","key":"3291_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07201","volume":"454","author":"R Medzhitov","year":"2008","unstructured":"Medzhitov R. 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