{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:05:29Z","timestamp":1792638329999,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Med Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Post-menopausal osteoporosis is a concern of health organizations, and current treatments do not seem enough. Postbiotics as bioactive compounds produced by probiotics may be an attractive alternative for bone health. In this study, we prepared, formulated, and compared the effects of cell lysate and supernatant of five native probiotic strains (<jats:italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lactobacillus casei<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium longum<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Bacillus coagulans<\/jats:italic>) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The probiotic strains were isolated, and their cell-free supernatants and biomasses as postbiotics were extracted and formulated using standard microbial processes. The Sprague-Dawley rats were fed by 1\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2009CFU\/ml\/day postbiotic preparations for 4 weeks immediately after ovariectomy. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans were accomplished to evaluate femur, spine, and tibia BMD. The serum biochemical markers [calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase] were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Postbiotics could considerably improve the global and femur area in OVX rats. In the case of global bone mineral density (BMD), <jats:italic>Lactobacillus casei<\/jats:italic> lysate and supernatant, <jats:italic>Bacillus coagulans<\/jats:italic> lysate and supernatant, lysate of <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium longum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:italic> supernatant significantly increased BMD. We found <jats:italic>Bacillus coagulans<\/jats:italic> supernatant meaningfully enriched tibia BMD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Postbiotic could ameliorate bone loss resulting from estrogen deficiency. Also, the effects of postbiotics on different bone sites are strain-dependent. More clinical studies need to explore the optimal administrative dose and duration of the specific postbiotics in protecting bone loss.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03327-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T09:34:59Z","timestamp":1622194499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Exploring the bone sparing effects of postbiotics in the post-menopausal rat model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Nima","family":"Montazeri-Najafabady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Younes","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Dabbaghmanesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousef","family":"Ashoori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedram","family":"Talezadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Koohpeyma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh Narjes","family":"Abootalebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"3327_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2794-2","volume":"25","author":"F Cosman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, Lewiecki EM, Tanner B, Randall S, et al. Clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2014;25(10):2359\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-014-2794-2.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3327_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.5152\/eurjrheum.2016.048","volume":"4","author":"T S\u00f6zen","year":"2017","unstructured":"S\u00f6zen T, \u00d6z\u0131\u015f\u0131k L, Ba\u015faran N. An overview and management of osteoporosis. Eur J Rheumatol. 2017;4(1):46\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/eurjrheum.2016.048.","journal-title":"Eur J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3327_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1660790","volume":"6","author":"I Akkawi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akkawi I, Zmerly H. Osteoporosis: current concepts. Joints. 2018;6(2):122\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1660790.","journal-title":"Joints."},{"issue":"7","key":"3327_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-017-1719-4","volume":"12","author":"S Minisola","year":"2017","unstructured":"Minisola S, Cipriani C, Occhiuto M, Pepe J. New anabolic therapies for osteoporosis. Intern Emerg Med. 2017;12(7):915\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11739-017-1719-4.","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"3327_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30188-2","volume":"5","author":"S Khosla","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khosla S, Hofbauer LC. Osteoporosis treatment: recent developments and ongoing challenges. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(11):898\u2013907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30188-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3327_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-018-9482-z","volume":"11","author":"M Bayat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bayat M, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Koohpeyma F, Mahmoodi M, Montazeri-Najafabady N, Bakhshayeshkaram M. The effects of soy Milk enriched with Lactobacillus casei and Omega-3 on the tibia and L5 vertebra in diabetic rats: a stereological study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2019;11(4):1172\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-018-9482-z.","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"issue":"6","key":"3327_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86062","volume":"126","author":"JY Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li JY, Chassaing B, Tyagi AM, Vaccaro C, Luo T, Adams J, et al. Sex steroid deficiency-associated bone loss is microbiota dependent and prevented by probiotics. J Clin Invest. 2016;126(6):2049\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI86062.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"3327_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-020-00587-3","volume":"12","author":"A Gholami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gholami A, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Ghasemi Y, Talezadeh P, Koohpeyma F, Montazeri-Najafabady N. Probiotics ameliorate pioglitazone-associated bone loss in diabetic rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020;12(1):78. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-020-00587-3.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"2","key":"3327_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0171579","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171579","volume":"12","author":"H-Y Chang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chang H-Y, Chen J-H, Chang J-H, Lin H-C, Lin C-Y, Peng C-C. Multiple strains probiotics appear to be the most effective probiotics in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality: an updated meta-analysis. PloS One. 2017;12(2):e0171579\u2013e.","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"3327_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.202","volume":"109","author":"AC Ford","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ford AC, Quigley EMM, Lacy BE, Lembo AJ, Saito YA, Schiller LR, et al. Efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(10):1547.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3327_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12700","volume":"70","author":"G Zuccotti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zuccotti G, Meneghin F, Aceti A, Barone G, Callegari ML, Di Mauro A, et al. Probiotics for prevention of atopic diseases in infants: systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2015;70(11):1356\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.12700.","journal-title":"Allergy."},{"key":"3327_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8868618","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8868618","volume":"2020","author":"Y Ashoori","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ashoori Y, Mohkam M, Heidari R, Abootalebi SN, Mousavi SM, Hashemi SA, et al. Development and In Vivo characterization of probiotic lysate-treated chitosan Nanogel as a novel biocompatible formulation for wound healing. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:8868618.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"3327_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5487659","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5487659","volume":"2020","author":"A Azarang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Azarang A, Farshad O, Ommati MM, Jamshidzadeh A, Heidari R, Abootalebi SN, et al. Protective role of probiotic supplements in hepatic Steatosis: a rat model study. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:5487659.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"3327_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-66653-2_11","volume":"1033","author":"JD Schepper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schepper JD, Irwin R, Kang J, Dagenais K, Lemon T, Shinouskis A, et al. Probiotics in gut-bone signaling. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1033:225\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-66653-2_11.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3327_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-015-0292-x","volume":"13","author":"L McCabe","year":"2015","unstructured":"McCabe L, Britton RA, Parameswaran N. Prebiotic and probiotic regulation of bone health: role of the intestine and its microbiome. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2015;13(6):363\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11914-015-0292-x.","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3327_CR16","first-page":"19","volume":"28","author":"M Mohkam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohkam M, Rasoul-Amini S, Shokri D, Berenjian A, Rahimi F, Sadraeian M, et al. Characterization and in vitro probiotic assessment of potential indigenous Bacillus strains isolated from soil rhizosphere. Minerva Biotecnologica. 2016;28(1):19\u201328.","journal-title":"Minerva Biotecnologica"},{"issue":"14","key":"3327_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7734","DOI":"10.1021\/jf2013716","volume":"59","author":"S-S Chiang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chiang S-S, Pan T-M. Antiosteoporotic effects of Lactobacillus-fermented soy skim Milk on bone mineral density and the microstructure of femoral bone in Ovariectomized mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2011;59(14):7734\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf2013716.","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"3327_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2009.06.009","volume":"19","author":"JG Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim JG, Lee E, Kim SH, Whang KY, Oh S, Imm J-Y. Effects of a Lactobacillus casei 393 fermented milk product on bone metabolism in ovariectomised rats. Int Dairy J. 2009;19(11):690\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idairyj.2009.06.009.","journal-title":"Int Dairy J"},{"issue":"4","key":"3327_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2012.03.006","volume":"32","author":"T Tomofuji","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Azuma T, Irie K, Endo Y, Yamamoto T, et al. Supplementation of broccoli or Bifidobacterium longum-fermented broccoli suppresses serum lipid peroxidation and osteoclast differentiation on alveolar bone surface in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Nutr Res. 2012;32(4):301\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nutres.2012.03.006.","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3327_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92368","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092368","volume":"9","author":"C Ohlsson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ohlsson C, Engdahl C, F\u00e5k F, Andersson A, Windahl SH, Farman HH, et al. Probiotics protect mice from Ovariectomy-induced cortical bone loss. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e92368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0092368.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"3327_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-018-9443-6","volume":"11","author":"N Montazeri-Najafabady","year":"2019","unstructured":"Montazeri-Najafabady N, Ghasemi Y, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Talezadeh P, Koohpeyma F, Gholami A. Supportive role of probiotic strains in protecting rats from Ovariectomy-induced cortical bone loss. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2019;11(4):1145\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-018-9443-6.","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins."},{"issue":"9613","key":"3327_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60207-X","volume":"371","author":"MG Besselink","year":"2008","unstructured":"Besselink MG, van Santvoort HC, Buskens E, Boermeester MA, van Goor H, Timmerman HM, et al. Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;371(9613):651\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60207-X.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"2","key":"3327_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04286.x","volume":"163","author":"M Kverka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kverka M, Zakostelska Z, Klimesova K, Sokol D, Hudcovic T, Hrncir T, et al. Oral administration of Parabacteroides distasonis antigens attenuates experimental murine colitis through modulation of immunity and microbiota composition. Clin Exp Immunol. 2011;163(2):250\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04286.x.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"19","key":"3327_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194673","volume":"20","author":"CAM Wegh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wegh CAM, Geerlings SY, Knol J, Roeselers G, Belzer C. Postbiotics and their potential applications in early life nutrition and beyond. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(19):4673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20194673.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3327_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600240","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600240","volume":"61","author":"B S\u00e1nchez","year":"2017","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez B, Delgado S, Blanco-M\u00edguez A, Louren\u00e7o A, Gueimonde M, Margolles A. Probiotics, gut microbiota, and their influence on host health and disease. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017;61(1):1600240.","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"3327_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2009.00226.x","volume":"67","author":"J Kataria","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kataria J, Li N, Wynn JL, Neu J. Probiotic microbes: do they need to be alive to be beneficial? Nutr Rev. 2009;67(9):546\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2009.00226.x.","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3327_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765x.2000.00773.x","volume":"31","author":"AC Ouwehand","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ouwehand AC, T\u00f6lkk\u00f6 S, Kulmala J, Salminen S, Salminen E. Adhesion of inactivated probiotic strains to intestinal mucus. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2000;31(1):82\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1472-765x.2000.00773.x.","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3327_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-015-9465-9","volume":"21","author":"A Gholami","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gholami A, Shahin S, Mohkam M, Nezafat N, Ghasemi Y. Cloning, characterization and bioinformatics analysis of novel cytosine deaminase from Escherichia coli AGH09. Int J Pept Res Ther. 2015;21(3):365\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10989-015-9465-9.","journal-title":"Int J Pept Res Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"3327_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-nbt.2019.0266","volume":"14","author":"A Gholami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gholami A, Mohammadi F, Ghasemi Y, Omidifar N, Ebrahiminezhad A. Antibacterial activity of SPIONs versus ferrous and ferric ions under aerobic and anaerobic conditions: a preliminary mechanism study. IET Nanobiotechnol. 2020;14(2):155\u201360 Available from: https:\/\/digital-library.theiet.org\/content\/journals\/10.1049\/iet-nbt.2019.0266.","journal-title":"IET Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"3327_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-66653-2_4","volume":"1033","author":"D Quach","year":"2017","unstructured":"Quach D, Britton RA. Gut microbiota and bone health. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1033:47\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-66653-2_4.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"3327_CR31","first-page":"472","volume":"59","author":"KZ Ghanem","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ghanem KZ, Badawy IH, Abdel-Salam A. Influence of yoghurt and probiotic yoghurt on the absorption of calcium, magnesium, iron and bone mineralization in rats. Milchwissenschaft. 2004;59:472\u20135.","journal-title":"Milchwissenschaft."},{"issue":"14","key":"3327_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2618","volume":"86","author":"D P\u00e9rez-Conesa","year":"2006","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Conesa D, L\u00f3pez G, Abell\u00e1n P, Ros G. Bioavailability of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in rats fed probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic powder follow-up infant formulas and their effect on physiological and nutritional parameters. J Sci Food Agric. 2006;86(14):2327\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsfa.2618.","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"3327_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.09.017","volume":"49","author":"FF Yan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan FF, Wang WC, Cheng HW. Bacillus subtilis based probiotic improved bone mass and altered brain serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems in broiler chickens. J Funct Foods. 2018;49:501\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2018.09.017.","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"issue":"3","key":"3327_CR34","first-page":"261","volume":"7","author":"MH Dabbaghmanesh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dabbaghmanesh MH, Noorafshan A, Talezadeh P, Tanideh N, Koohpeyma F, Iraji A, et al. Stereological investigation of the effect of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit hydroalcoholic extract on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2017;7(3):261\u201374.","journal-title":"Avicenna J Phytomed"},{"issue":"2","key":"3327_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FO01251A","volume":"7","author":"YY Law","year":"2016","unstructured":"Law YY, Chiu HF, Lee HH, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Consumption of onion juice modulates oxidative stress and attenuates the risk of bone disorders in middle-aged and post-menopausal healthy subjects. Food Funct. 2016;7(2):902\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C5FO01251A.","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"1","key":"3327_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.1.130","volume":"127","author":"JM Campbell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Campbell JM, Fahey GC Jr, Wolf BW. Selected indigestible oligosaccharides affect large bowel mass, cecal and fecal short-chain fatty acids, pH and microflora in rats. J Nutr. 1997;127(1):130\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/127.1.130.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"3327_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24636","volume":"229","author":"RA Britton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Britton RA, Irwin R, Quach D, Schaefer L, Zhang J, Lee T, et al. Probiotic L. reuteri treatment prevents bone loss in a menopausal ovariectomized mouse model. J Cell Physiol. 2014;229(11):1822\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.24636.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"3327_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5387","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S130485","volume":"12","author":"Z Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Z, Xue K, Bai M, Deng Z, Gan J, Zhou G, et al. Probiotics protect mice from CoCrMo particles-induced osteolysis. Int J Nanomedicine. 2017;12:5387\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S130485.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"3327_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24340","volume":"228","author":"LR McCabe","year":"2013","unstructured":"McCabe LR, Irwin R, Schaefer L, Britton RA. Probiotic use decreases intestinal inflammation and increases bone density in healthy male but not female mice. J Cell Physiol. 2013;228(8):1793\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.24340.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"3327_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897639","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/897639","volume":"2015","author":"K Parvaneh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Parvaneh K, Ebrahimi M, Sabran MR, Karimi G, Hwei ANM, Abdul-Majeed S, et al. Probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum) increase bone mass density and upregulate Sparc and Bmp-2 genes in rats with bone loss resulting from ovariectomy. BioMed Res Int. 2015;2015:897639.","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3327_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2012.0046","volume":"4","author":"K Tsilingiri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsilingiri K, Rescigno M. Postbiotics: what else? Benef Microbes. 2013;4(1):101\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920\/BM2012.0046.","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"issue":"8","key":"3327_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082189","volume":"12","author":"J \u017b\u00f3\u0142kiewicz","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u017b\u00f3\u0142kiewicz J, Marzec A, Ruszczy\u0144ski M, Feleszko W. Postbiotics\u2014a step beyond pre- and probiotics. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12082189.","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"3327_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756308","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1756308","volume":"2018","author":"S De Marco","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Marco S, Sichetti M, Muradyan D, Piccioni M, Traina G, Pagiotti R, et al. Probiotic cell-free supernatants exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity on human gut epithelial cells and macrophages stimulated with LPS. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018;2018:1756308.","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3327_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-10-149","volume":"10","author":"TC Loh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Loh TC, Choe DW, Foo HL, Sazili AQ, Bejo MH. Effects of feeding different postbiotic metabolite combinations produced by Lactobacillus plantarum strains on egg quality and production performance, faecal parameters and plasma cholesterol in laying hens. BMC Vet Res. 2014;10(1):149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1746-6148-10-149.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3327_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-11-15","volume":"11","author":"GS Jensen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jensen GS, Benson KF, Carter SG, Endres JR. GanedenBC30\u2122 cell wall and metabolites: anti-inflammatory and immune modulating effects in vitro. BMC Immunol. 2010;11(1):15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2172-11-15.","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"3327_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2019.100227","volume":"11","author":"D Quach","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quach D, Parameswaran N, McCabe L, Britton RA. Characterizing how probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri 6475 and lactobacillic acid mediate suppression of osteoclast differentiation. Bone Reports. 2019;11:100227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bonr.2019.100227.","journal-title":"Bone Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"3327_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000100823","volume":"51","author":"M Narva","year":"2007","unstructured":"Narva M, Rissanen J, Halleen J, Vapaatalo H, V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen K, Korpela R. Effects of bioactive peptide, valyl-prolyl-proline (VPP), and Lactobacillus helveticus fermented milk containing VPP on bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Ann Nutr Metab. 2007;51(1):65\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000100823.","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"3327_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M600151-JLR200","volume":"47","author":"MM Rahman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rahman MM, Bhattacharya A, Fernandes G. Conjugated linoleic acid inhibits osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells by modulating RANKL signaling. J Lipid Res. 2006;47(8):1739\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.M600151-JLR200.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"3327_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.2.14816\/v1","volume-title":"The role of Bacillus acidophilus in osteoporosis and its roles in osteocyte proliferation and differentiation","author":"C Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen C, Dong B, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Wang B, Feng S, et al. The role of Bacillus acidophilus in osteoporosis and its roles in osteocyte proliferation and differentiation 2019."},{"issue":"7480","key":"3327_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12721","volume":"504","author":"Y Furusawa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Furusawa Y, Obata Y, Fukuda S, Endo TA, Nakato G, Takahashi D, et al. Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells. Nature. 2013;504(7480):446\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12721.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"6","key":"3327_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.10.013","volume":"49","author":"AM Tyagi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tyagi AM, Yu M, Darby TM, Vaccaro C, Li JY, Owens JA, et al. The microbial metabolite butyrate stimulates bone formation via T regulatory cell-mediated regulation of WNT10B expression. Immunity. 2018;49(6):1116\u201331.e7.","journal-title":"Immunity"}],"container-title":["BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-021-03327-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12906-021-03327-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12906-021-03327-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T09:35:05Z","timestamp":1622194505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12906-021-03327-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-021-03327-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-7671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This work was approved by the Ethics Committee (97\u201301\u201333-18580) of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. We confirm that all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. We also confirm that the study was carried out in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Nima Montazeri-Najafabady, Younes Ghasemi, Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh, Yousef Ashoori, Pedram Talezadeh, Farhad Koohpeyma, Seyedeh Narjes Abootalebi, and Ahmad Gholami declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"155"}}