{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:33:02Z","timestamp":1787020382522,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Med Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our current study aimed to evaluate the effect of an\n                      <jats:italic>Glechoma hederacea<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract (Hitrechol\u00ae) in normal rats and gallstone diseased mice to explore its underlying mechanisms. Normal rats and C57BL\/6 mice with\/without cholesterol gallstone were used in this study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To monitor the effect of Hitrechol\u00ae on bile secretion, bile flow rates at 15\u2009min interval until 2\u2009h post-dosing in normal rats treated with vehicle and Hitrechol\u00ae were compared using multiple t-test with a\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 considered as statistically significant different. To further evaluate the effect of Hitrechol\u00ae against the development of gallstone in lithogenic diet treated mice, mice were treated with vehicle or Hitrechol\u00ae (QD-once daily or TID-three times daily) for 3\u2009weeks followed by comparing the levels of bile composition among the treatment groups. In addition, the anti-oxidative biomarkers in liver and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in serum were detected and compared among all the treatment groups to evaluate the hepato-protective effect of Hitrechol\u00ae. The obtained levels of biomarkers and bile composition were compared among different treatment groups using one-way ANOVA tests followed by Tukey\u2019s multiple comparisons with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 considered as statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Despite no significant impact on the bile flow rate, Hitrechol\u00ae TID treatment dramatically decreased size and amount of gallstone crystals and total cholesterol level (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), as well as total bile acid (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and several types of bile acid (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) levels in gallstone disease model mice. Hitrechol\u00ae TID treatment could significantly decrease the frequencies of hepatocyte necrosis and lipid aggregation notably as well as increase the antioxidant enzyme level (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) in the liver.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings for the first time demonstrated the beneficial effect of Hitrechol\u00ae against gallstone via its litholytic, liver-protective and antioxidant activities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03368-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T05:03:01Z","timestamp":1626238981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Protective effect of Glechoma hederacea extract against gallstone formation in rodent models"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengbi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuning","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanfeng","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3368_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16024","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.24","volume":"2","author":"F Lammert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lammert F, Gurusamy K, Ko CW, Miquel J, Mendez-Sanchez N, et al. 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Manufacturing of the Hitrechol\u00ae complied with all relevant regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"There are no conflicts of interest among the authors.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"199"}}