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The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2\u2032-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) and 2,2\u2032- azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS)\u00a0assays. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages as well as cytokine (TNF-\u03b1 and IL-10) expression on LPS-induced U937 human macrophages. For cytotoxicity, cell viability was determined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The ethyl acetate extract had the lowest IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values in the DPPH (5.91\u2009\u03bcg\/ml) and ABTS (20.5\u2009\u03bcg\/ml) assay compared to other extracts. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extracts effectively inhibited NO and TNF-\u03b1 and proved to be comparable to diclofenac at some concentrations. All extracts of <jats:italic>H. zeyheri<\/jats:italic> displayed dose-dependent activity and were associated with low levels of human-IL-10 expression compared to quercetin. Furthermore, all extracts displayed low toxicity relative to diclofenac.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These findings show that <jats:italic>H. zeyheri<\/jats:italic> has significant antioxidant activity. Additionally, similarities exist in the inflammatory activity of <jats:italic>H. zeyheri<\/jats:italic> to diclofenac at some concentrations as well as low toxicity in comparison to diclofenac.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03407-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T17:04:58Z","timestamp":1632416698000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["In vitro antioxidant activity of crude extracts of Harpagophytum zeyheri and their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activity compared with diclofenac"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sibonokuhle F.","family":"Ncube","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndy J.","family":"McGaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel Mfotie","family":"Njoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilton G. 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