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In some patients, GERD is refractory to acid reduction therapy which is the main treatment for GERD. So far, medications that can increase LES tone are few. <jats:italic>Arecae pericarpium (A. pericarpium)<\/jats:italic> is a medication in Traditional Chinese Medicine known to promote intestinal motility.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We investigated the effect of <jats:italic>A. pericarpium<\/jats:italic> extracts on porcine LES motility. In addition, we used tetrodotoxin (TTX) and atropine to study the underlying mechanism of <jats:italic>A. pericarpium<\/jats:italic> extracts-induced contractions of LES.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results of this study showed that <jats:italic>A. pericarpium<\/jats:italic> extracts and their main active ingredient, arecoline, can induce the contractions of porcine LES sling and clasp muscles in a dose-response manner. TTX did not have an inhibitory effect on the contractions induced by <jats:italic>A. pericarpium<\/jats:italic> extracts and arecoline in LES. However, atropine significantly inhibited <jats:italic>A. pericarpium<\/jats:italic> extracts- and arecoline-induced contractions of LES.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>A. pericarpium<\/jats:italic> extracts can induce the contractions of porcine LES in a dose dependent manner, possibly through muscarinic receptors, and hence, may be worth developing as an alternative therapy for GERD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03442-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T06:02:47Z","timestamp":1636005767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Arecae pericarpium extract induces porcine lower-esophageal-sphincter contraction via muscarinic receptors"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Shu-Leei","family":"Tey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ching","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yea-Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang-Rong","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"San-Nan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5719-8730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Chung","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3442_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2000328","volume":"383","author":"R Mittal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mittal R, Vaezi MF. 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