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Arctiin, a bioactive lignan glycoside, has been reported to possess multiple pharmacological properties. However, the effect of arctiin on H9N2 virus infection is unclear. In the current study, we analyzed the effect of arctiin on H9N2 virus infection and the underlying molecular mechanism in vitro.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The antiviral effect against H9N2 virus was determined by plaque reduction assay (PRA) and progeny virus reduction assay. We employed MTT assay, qRT-PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence and Western blotting to better understand the anti-inflammatory effect and corresponding mechanism of arctiin on H9N2 virus-infected cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results showed that arctiin had antiviral activity against H9N2 virus. Arctiin treatment reduced H9N2 virus-triggered proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1. Moreover, arctiin significantly suppressed H9N2 virus-mediated expression of COX-2 and PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Furthermore, we found that arctiin inhibited H9N2 virus-mediated activation of RIG-I\/JNK MAPK signaling. Interestingly, arctiin treatment obviously reversed H9N2 virus-induced reduction of Nrf2, increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and upregulated Nrf2 signaling target genes (HO-1 and SOD2). Zinc protoporphyrin (Znpp)\u2014an HO-1 inhibitor\u2014weakened the inhibitory effect of arctiin on H9N2 virus-induced RIG-I\/JNK MAPK and proinflammatory mediators.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Taken together, these results suggested that the anti-inflammatory effects of arctiin on H9N2 virus infection may be due to the activation of Nrf2\/HO-1 and blocked RIG-I\/JNK MAPK signaling; thus, arctiin may be a promising agent for prevention and treatment of H9N2 virus infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03462-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T15:45:32Z","timestamp":1637941532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Arctiin suppresses H9N2 avian influenza virus-mediated inflammation via activation of Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Beixian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueyun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiping","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3462_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.2307\/1588557","volume":"14","author":"PJ Homme","year":"1970","unstructured":"Homme PJ, Easterday BC. 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